踝关节生物力学.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * Ankle Stability Tests Anterior drawer test Used to determine damage to anterior talofibular ligament primarily and other lateral ligament secondarily A positive test occurs when foot slides forward and/or makes a clunking sound as it reaches the end point Talar tilt test Performed to determine extent of inversion or eversion injuries With foot at 90 degrees calcaneus is inverted and excessive motion indicates injury to calcaneofibular ligament and possibly the anterior and posterior talofibular ligaments If the calcaneus is everted, the deltoid ligament is tested Anterior Drawer Test Talar Tilt Test Kleiger’s test Used primarily to determine extent of damage to the deltoid ligament and may be used to evaluate distal ankle syndesmosis, anterior/posterior tibiofibular ligaments and the interosseus membrane With lower leg stabilized, foot is rotated laterally to stress the deltoid Medial Subtalar Glide Test Performed to determine presence of excessive medial translation of the calcaneus on the talus Talus is stabilized in subtalar neutral, while other hand glides the calcaneus, medially A positive test presents with excessive movement, indicating injury to the lateral ligaments Kleiger’s Test Medial Subtalar Glide Test Functional Tests While weight bearing the following should be performed Walk on toes (plantar flexion) Walk on heels (dorsiflexion) Walk on lateral borders of feet (inversion) Walk on medial borders of feet (eversion) Hops on injured ankle Passive, active and resistive movements should be manually applied to determine joint integrity and muscle function If any of these are painful they should be avoided Prevention of Injury to the Ankle Stretching of the Achilles tendon Strengthening of the surrounding muscles Proprioceptive training: balance exercises and agility Wearing proper footwear and or tape when appropriate Specific Injuries Ankle Injuries: Sprains Single most common injury in athletics caused by sudden inversion o