海底管道泄漏事故统计分析.docx

海底管道泄漏事故统计分析方娜 陈国明 朱红卫 孟会行中国石油大学（华东）海洋油气装备与安全技术研究中心，山东青岛 266580摘要：统计分析了墨西哥湾和中国海域 203 起海底管道泄漏事故，得出第三方破坏、冲刷悬空、管道 腐蚀为事故主要致因。分析了第三方破坏的起因，提出了应对措施和维护方法。建立了海底管道悬 跨鱼刺图模型，认为设计埋深不合理、施工埋深不足、未采取保护措施、施工质量不达标和地形数据 不准确是导致悬跨的深层次原因，并提出悬跨防控措施。指出引起海底管道腐蚀的因素包括防腐层 失效、阴极保护失效、管道自身缺陷等，给出了减少腐蚀泄漏的措施。统计分析结果可为降低海底管 道运行风险水平、提高日常作业管理和事故应急能力提供参考。（图 4，表 1，参 15）。 关键词：海底管道；泄漏事故；统计分析；第三方破坏；管跨；腐蚀中图分类号：TE88文献标识码：Adoi：10.6047/j.issn.1000-8241.2014.01.021Statistical analysis of leakage accidents of submarine pipelineFANG Na, CHEN Guoming, ZHU Hongwei, MENG HuixingCentre for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao, Shandong, 266580Abstract: Statistics on 203 leakage accidents of submarine pipelines in the Mexico Gulf and China seas shows that the main reasons causing these accidents are the third-party damage, scouring suspension and pipeline corrosion. Causes of the third- party damage are analyzed, and countermeasures and maintenance methods are proposed. Submarine pipeline fish-bone diagram model is built, with which the underlying reasons behind pipeline suspension are found out including unreasonable design buried depth, construction buried depth less than required depth, no protection measures, poor construction quality and inaccurate terrain data, and countermeasures are put forward accordingly. It is pointed out that the factors causing submarine pipeline corrosion include failure of anti-corrosion coating, failure of cathodic protection and defects of pipeline itself, and measures to reduce corrosion leakage are proposed. The statistical results can provide a reference to the reduction risk level of submarine pipeline operation and improvement of the daily operation and management and accident reponse ability for subsea pipelines. (4 Figures, 1 Table, 15 References)Key words: submarine pipeline, leakage accident, statistical analysis, the third-party damage, pipeline suspension, corrosion海底管道泄漏事故风险随着海洋油气工业的快速 发展而逐渐增加。海底管道长期暴露于恶劣的海洋环 境中，承受复杂工