the importance of considering product loss rates in life cycle assessment the example of closure systems for bottled wine的重要性考虑产品生命周期评价损失率瓶装葡萄酒关闭系统的例子.pdf

Sustainability 2012, 4, 2673-2706; doi:10.3390/su4102673 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 /journal/sustainability Article The Importance of Considering Product Loss Rates in Life Cycle Assessment: The Example of Closure Systems for Bottled Wine Anna Kounina 1,2,*, Elisa Tatti 1, Sebastien Humbert 1, Richard Pfister 3, Amanda Pike 4, Jean-François Ménard 5, Yves Loerincik 1 and Olivier Jolliet 1 1 Quantis, Parc Scientifique EPFL, Bâtiment D, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; E-Mails: elisa.tatti@ (E.T.); sebastien.humbert@ (S.H.); yves.loerincik@ (Y.L.); olivier.jolliet@ (O.J.) 2 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 3 Praxis Energia, rue Verte, 1261 Le Vaud, Switzerland; E-Mail: richard.pfister@praxisenergia.ch 4 Quantis, 283 Franklin St. Floor 2, Boston, MA 02110, USA; E-Mail: amanda.pike@ 5 Quantis, 395 rue Laurier Ouest, Montréal, Québec, H2V 2K3, Canada; E-Mail: jean-francois.menard@polymtl.ca * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: anna.kounina@; Tel.: +41-21-693-91-95; Fax: +41-21-693-91-96. Received: 23 July 2012; in revised form: 21 September 2012 / Accepted: 2 October 2012 / Published: 18 October 2012 Abstract: Purpose: The objective of this study is to discuss the implications of product loss rates in terms of the environmental performance of bottled wine. Wine loss refers to loss occurring when the consumer does not consume the wine contained in the bottle and disposes of it because of taste alteration, which is caused by inadequate product protection rendering the wine