北京市水资源配置研究.pdf

北京市水资源配置研究 摘 要 “水”是人类赖以生存和社会经济发展所必需的自然资源,随着经济社会 的快速发展,水资源的供需矛盾日益突出,已经开始严重制约经济社会的可持 续发展。如何加强对水资源的管理,建立合理的水资源配置模式,已成为事关 人类社会生存发展的重要课题之一。 传统的水资源配置方法无法解决水资源的合理高效利用,引发了水资源过 度开发、生态环境破环、水体质量恶化等一系列问题,本文正是在这一背景下 开展了研究。论文从资源、环境、人口、发展之间的关系入手,研究水资源的 合理开发与保护,为水资源配置和管理提供科学依据。 由于水资源的公益性特征、生态特征和不可替代特征,使得水资源配置是 一个复杂的过程,不仅要满足生活、维护社会稳定和维系生态系统平衡的基本 需求,还要协调各用水竞争领域的利益和目标,发挥水资源昀大的综合效益。 本文以区域水一-生态一-社会经济复合系统的全面、协调、可持续发展为指 导思想,以人水和谐为基本理念,结合北京市水资源配置实践,探讨了水资源 配置的一些创新方法,主要包括:基于水循环的水资源配置、保证生态环境用 水的水资源配置、以需水管理为基础的水资源配置和保障水资源配置的改革措 施等。 此外,本文还分析说明了水务一体化管理和水价在水资源配置过程中的关 键作用,探讨了北京市水务一体化管理和水价机制改革历程,以及存在的问题, 并提出了政策优化建议。关键词:水资源 水资源配置 水循环 再生水 生态环境 供需平衡 1 北京市水资源配置研究 Abstract Water is the indispensable natural resource for the human survival and economy development of our society. With the rapid economic development of our country, the contradiction between the supply and the demand of the water resource is more and more striking. It has become an obstacle for the persistent economy development of China.As a result,it has become one of key research projects in studying how to strengthen the management of water resource and how to establish a reasonable allocation pattern of water resourceThe traditional water resource allocation can not obtain efficient and rational water using under water deficit situation. It leads to a series of problem, such as the excess exploitation of water resource, the damage of ecological environment and the worsening of water quality. Research of the dissertation starts with the relationship between water resource, environment, population and social development, studying the rational exploitation and preservation of water resource,with the purpose of providing scientific evidence for local water resource allocation and management Because of the commonweal,ecology and irreplaceable characteristic of water resource, the allocation is a rather complicated process, which should not only satisfy basic demand of domestic water using,social stability,and ecologic