核电站辐射测量技术的检测设备研究.pdf

核电站辐射测量技术的检测设备研究 The research of measure technology equipment about radiation in nuclear station (九江学院)蔡苗苗 张 波 王 萍 罗东云 CAI MIAOMIAO ZHANG BO WANG PING LUO DONGYUN 摘要:本文通过对核电站发电原理和流程的阐述说明核电站放射性惰性气体产生的来源，以及 核辐射对人体主要敏感器官造成的躯体伤害和遗传危害。然后，介绍核辐射测量的基本原理， 并对惰性气体的几种测量方法进行分析比较。在此基础上提出“在线测量”的理念，代替传 统的离线测量，改进传统测量方法中的不足，并将自动控制领域的软硬件设计方法应用于核 辐射测量，实现基于 CAN 总线的放射性惰性气体在线测量方法的设计思路，完成该测量系统 从采样到测量方法的选择，和测量仪器的刻度，并对预期需要达到的技术指标和需要改进的 地方进行分析修正。 关键词:核电站 惰性气体 在线测量 中图分类号：TP216 文献标识码：A Abstract:This paper studies on the measurement techniques of radioactive inert gases emited in nuclear power plants. Through illustrating the principles of generating electricity, we know the radioactive inert gases sources and the radioactive hazards on human primarily sensitive organ. Then, we introduces the principles of nuclear radiation measurement, and the measurement methods, such as ionizing room messurement method, plastic card bodymeasurenment method, semiconductor dector method,and make some comparison as well. In this paper ,we put forward online survey cocept , correction the shortcomings of the traditional measurement methods.For example, the need to read out the data with other equipmen resulting in the acquisition of outcome; Most methods can only carry on a point measurements, and materials consistency is poor;Except for the photosensitive film mthod,the other methods are poor at spatial resolving power.The hardware and software design method in automatic cotroll field are applied to the field of nuclear radiation measurement,to realize the design about radioactive inert gases measure based on CAN bus.In the paper we make the choice from sampling methods to measure mthod and point out the technical indicators we shoud reach. Keywords： nuclear power plant inert gases online survey 1 绪论 1.1 课题研究背景 我国目前的电力能源结构以火电为主，燃煤机组占到了 76%，水电为 22.4%，核电仅 1.6%。 从可持续发展的观点看，我国以煤电为主的能源结构必须调整。从长远看，发展核电是改善 中国能源结构，逐步减少环境污染不可或缺的途径。发展核