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械工程材料与热加工工艺,第7章合金钢课件.ppt

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3. 量具: 1)工作条件:磨损、碰伤; 2)要求:硬度高(62HRC)、尺寸稳定、工艺性能好 常用合金工具钢及热处理 (一)合金刃具钢 1.???? 高碳低合金刃具钢 (Me 5%):如9SiCr ) Si:提高回火抗力 (300℃回火:9SiCr硬度:62HRC;T10硬度:50HRC); Cr:提高淬透性,细化晶粒;9SiCr的D0油=ф40; 应用:薄刃、形状复杂的刃具,如丝锥、板牙; 热处理:机械加工前:球化退火;精加工前:淬火+低回; 2 高碳高合金钢 (Me 10%):如高速钢W18Cr4V(HSS,T1,18-4, 风钢,锋钢): 成分: C:0.7~0.8%,形成W2C、VC、高碳M体,提高硬度; W:18%,形成Fe4W2C,提高回火抗力;析出W2C,产生二次硬化,提高硬度; Cr:4%,Cr23C6溶入A体中,提高淬透性; V:1.5%,形成C4V3,提高硬度(83HRC),细化晶粒、二次硬化; 组织:高速钢亦称莱氏体钢,W、Cr、V使E点左移至E′,A体区缩小,钢中含有莱氏体组织(Ld′) Total material cost Thermal shock resistance Cutting speed Chipping resistance Wear resistance Toughness Hot hardness Diamond Poly -crystalline CBN Ceramics Coated carbide Cemented carbide Cast Cobalt alloys HSS Carbon and low to medium alloy steels Property increasing increasing increasing increasing increasing increasing increasing Grinding and polishing Grinding and polishing Grinding Grinding Grinding Grinding Machining and grinding Machining and grinding Fabrication High pressure and high temp sintering High pressure and high temp. sintering Cold pressing and sintering CVD Cold pressing and sintering Cast, HIP and sintering Wrought, cast, HIP, sintering Wrought (轧制) Method of processing excellent Very good Very good Good Good Rough Rough Rough Finish Obtainable Very light for single crystal Light to heavy Light to heavy Light to heavy Light to heavy Light to heavy Light to heavy Light to medium Depth of cut Diamond Poly -crystalline CBN Ceramics Coated carbide Cemented carbide Cast Cobalt alloys HSS Carbon and low to medium alloy steels Property 加工特点: 1)锻造比要大,Y10 2)“三镦三拔”,打碎、揉匀鱼骨状碳化物Ld′(2级); 3)缓慢升温,两次预热,缓冷; 4)渐变形:由小到大; 锻造→球化退火→机械加工→淬火+多次高温回火→喷丸→磨削→成品 制造工艺路线 热处理工艺曲线分析 1)球化退火:降低硬度,消除应力,改善切削性能,为淬火作好组织准备; 2) 预热:该钢导热差、塑性低,温升快会开裂; 3) 淬火温度高:使合金元素尽量溶入到奥氏体中去,提高红硬性; 锻造→球化退火→机械加工→淬火+多次高温回火→喷丸→磨削→成品 (二)合金渗碳钢 制造表硬心韧工件,如变速箱齿轮、凸轮轴 ?2003 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning? is a trademark used herein under license. 齿形加工 齿轮退火 齿轮渗碳 低碳:C=0.10~0.25%,保证心部
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