《外文翻译--气候变化的经济斯特恩报告》毕业学术论文.doc

毕业论文外文资料翻译 题 目 气候变化的经济:斯特恩报告 学 院 政治与公共管理学院 专 业 行政管理 班 级 行管0903班 学 生 学 号 20092321230 指导教师 二〇一三年三月二十二日 济南大学毕业论文外文资料翻译 外文原文： 22.7 Challenges of extending international co-operation to aviation and shipping Extending the coverage of carbon pricing and other measures to international aviation will become increasingly important. Globally, international aviation emissions – defined as emissions from any aircraft leaving one country and landing in another – are about twice as great as domestic aviation emissions. As set out in Chapter 15, the impact of aviation on climate change is also higher than the impact of its CO2 emissions alone. Aviation has negative local impacts on noise, local air quality, biodiversity, and local climate impacts, for which local policy interventions (such as regulation on noise levels) can be used. However, there is currently no incentive to reduce international aviation emissions, as only emissions from domestic flights are currently allocated to any country within national emissions inventories. Furthermore, many large international markets are outside the current Kyoto obligations framework. However, the industry is growing fast, and people with lower incomes, especially in developed countries, are now able to travel globally due to low-cost flights. Many national policy measures such as landing charges tend to be blunt instruments for cutting carbon emissions. However, differentiating them, for example, by length of flight or distance travelled, could improve their effects on reducing emissions. International coordination on reducing emissions from aviation is important, for example, to avoid leakage of mitigation policies from travellers switching to different carriers, or air carriers changing their routes, or practices such as ‘tankering’ (i.e. carrying