[概况辅导5澳大利亚.doc

Part Five Australia 澳大利亚 General Information: 1. Name： conventional long form: The Commonwealth of Australia conventional short form: Australia 国名：澳大利亚联邦,简称：澳大利亚（澳大利亚一词，意即“南方大陆”，欧洲人在１７世纪初叶发现这块大陆时，误以为这是一块直通南极的陆地，故取名“澳大利亚”，Australia 即由拉丁文 terraaustralis （南方的土地）变化而来。） ???? Map of Australia： Australia is the world’s smallest continent and largest island, a relatively young nation established in an ancient land. Capital: Canberra? ?堪培拉 人口约３１万（２０００年６月），年平均温度２０℃。 4．Location： Oceania大洋州， continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean 5. Area：total: 7,686,850 sq km land: 7,617,930 sq km water: 68,920 sq km note: includes Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island Area comparative: slightly smaller than the US contiguous 48 states 6．The national flag of Australia: The Australian flag The Flags Act 1953 formally established the Australian flag. The flag is described as:The Australian national flag has a blue field with the ‘Union Jack’ in the canton (the upper quarter next to the flagpole). The seven-pointed Commonwealth star in the lower hoist represents the six States and the Territories. In the fly are the five stars of the constellation of the Southern Cross（南十字星座，南半球夜空中最为明显的标志）. Four of the stars have seven points and the smallest one has five. ? 国旗：呈横长方形，长与宽之比为２∶１。旗地为深蓝色，左上方是红、白“米”字，“米”字下面为一颗较大的白色七角星。旗地右边为五颗白色的星，其中一颗小星为五角，其余均为七角。澳大利亚为英联邦成员国，英国女王为澳大利亚的国家元首。国旗的左上角为英国国旗图案，表明澳大利亚与英国的传统关系。一颗最大的七角星象征组成澳大利亚联邦的六个州和联邦区（北部地区和首都直辖区）。五颗小星代表南十字星座（是南天小星座之一，星座虽小，但明亮的星很多）。为“南方大陆”之意，表明该国处于南半球。 7. The national anthem Advance Australia Fair was proclaimed as the national anthem on 19 April 1984 by the Governor-General. Non-sexist words were adopted. Advance Australia Fair is used on all occasions other than those on which the royal anthem or the vice-regal salute is used. Until 1974 the anthem used was God Save the Queen/King. The Whitlam Government, following the result of a p