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地质体的基本产状及原生构造.ppt

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Intrusive Contact Intrusive contact occurs between an intrusive body (pluton, dyke, sill etc.) and the country rocks * * * Fault Contact Tectonic contact: fault * * 二、不整合的判别标志: 1.地层标志:时代、岩性、古生物 2.地层产状的不同 3.古风化面 3.变形特征 4.变质和岩浆岩特征 5.底砾岩 三、不整合时代的确定: 形成时代指不整合面上下地层间缺失地层的时代,即下伏最年轻地层到上覆最老地层的时代。 四、不整合的意义: 反映地壳变动时期,同时反映古地理特征。 * * 请注意:不要将一些交错层理误认为是角度不整合 角度不整合 美国犹他州Zion国家公园 Navaho砂岩中的风成交错层理 * 思考题 如何在地形地质图上识别各种产状的板状岩层? 沉积岩层有哪些基本的接触关系?各有什么构造意义?如何识别它们? 如何判断沉积岩层的顶面与底面? “V”字形法则的内容是什么? 岩浆岩中有哪些原生构造? * 扩展阅读 Collinson and Thompson J D et al., Sedimentary Structures. London,1982 Collinson and Thompson J D et al., 沉积构造,付泽明等译,北京,地质出版社,1988 * ADDITIONAL READING * Collinson, J. D., and Thompson, D. B., 1989. Sedimentary structures (2nd edition). Unwin Hyman: London. Jackson, M. P. A., and Talbot, C. J., 1994. Advances in salt tectonics. In Hancock, P. L., ed., Continental deformation. Pergamon Press, pp. 159–179. Melosh, H. J., 1996. Impact cratering: A geologic process. Oxford University Press: New York. Paterson, S. R., Vernon, R. H., and Tobisch, O. T., 1989. A review of criteria for the identification of magmatic and tectonic foliations in granitoids. Journal of Structural Geology, 11, 349–363. Selley, R. C., 1988. Applied sedimentology. Academic Press: New York. Shrock, R. R., 1948. Sequence in layered rocks. McGraw-Hill: New York. Worrall, D. M., and Snelson, S., 1989. Evolution of the northern Gulf of Mexico, with emphasis on Cenozoic growth faulting and the role of salt. In The geology of North America—an overview, v. A, pp. 97–138. Geological Society of America. * * Athol Fault: Mesozoic normal fault cutting Paleozoic metamorphic rocks. Rangeley Formation sillimanite schist to the West and gneiss to the East of the fault. Athol, Massachusetts. 二、沉积岩层原生构造及岩层顶底面的判别 1.斜层理(交错层理Cross Beds) :风及流水等动力介质沉积环境形成的,由一组或多组与主层面斜交的细层组成的原生构造。 * 试判断该沉积构造为何种成因? * 斜层理确定岩层顶、底面的判别特征是: 每组细层理与层系顶部主层面成截交关系,而与层系底部主层面呈收敛变缓而相切的关系,弧形层理凹向顶面。 A-层序正常;B-顶面在右侧;C-岩层倒转 总结:交错层理上截下切 * 2.粒序(递
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