[讲解]高中英语语法温习之复合句.doc

高考复合句专项讲解 从属连词这种连词是用以引导名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的. 由从属连词所引导的句子叫从句,而含有从句的句子叫作复合句。 从属连词有哪些 大致可分为三大类： 　　 1、that （无词义，不做成分） 　　if，whether （表达是否的意义，但不做句子成分） 　　2、连接代词：who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever, whoever, whichever（有词 义，在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语） 　　 3、连接副词：when，where，why，how，how many，how long，how far，however，whenever，wherever （有词义，作从句的状语） 1.定语从句 一.定义： 1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 关系副词有where, when, why等。 关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 3结构：先行词+关系词+从句 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 A. who指人，在从句中做主语Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. B. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，可省略。Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 C. which指物，做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. D. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? E. whose通常指人，也可指物，做定语I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用限定词 名词+of which或 of which+ 限定词 名词结构来代替 The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导 注意： 1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等 This is the watch which/that I am looking for. 2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that，不可以省略；指物时用which，不能用that，不可以省略；关系代词是所有格时用whose The man with whom you talked is my friend. 3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词 There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 四.限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况 ?1．当先行词是some (something 除外),anything, everything, nothing,/ few, little,/all, none, 等代词时，或者是由some, any, every, no,/ few, little,/ all, much /the very, the only，one of等修饰时 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy, 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing. 2.? 当先行词被序数词修饰或本身是序数词 ? The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3.? 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰或本身是形容词最高级 Th