德莱塞《嘉莉妹妹》——德莱塞笔下的“消费英雄”.doc

摘要 西奥多·德莱塞是20世纪美国文学史上一位杰出的自然主义作家，他的第一部小说作品《嘉莉妹妹》自1900年出版后就受到很多争议。德莱塞生活在美国从生产主导型社会向消费主导型社会转型的时期。在这个过程中，以生产为主的意识形态让位于消费意识形态，人们的行为和心理越来越受到消费的影响和控制，从而生活方式和价值观念也发生了变化。德莱塞亲身感受到变革带来的深刻影响。在他犀利的笔下，一种在消费浪潮中沉浮的新型人物形象——“消费英雄”得以形成，消费主义笼罩下的社会特征和人际关系也得以呈现。虽然德莱塞塑造的人物大多都违背了传统的伦理道德标准，但在他看来，他们都是当时消费主义文化的产物。本文分五部分。第一章介绍作者和小说概况，前人的研究评论并阐述了本研究的意义，介绍了消费文化理论。第二章主要从消费文化角度分析小说中的几位主角。第三章论述了小说中的人物——“消费英雄”的主要特征。第四章讲述了德莱塞的人物塑造，他对“消费英雄”这一新型人物的态度以及该类人物在文学史上的影响。最后为论文的结论部分。本文立足于德莱塞的成名作《嘉莉妹妹》，从19世纪末20世纪初美国新兴的“消费文化”这一特定社会历史背景出发，分析这部作品中出现的新型的人物形象——“消费英雄”，努力挖掘这类新型人物形象在文学史中的地位和影响。 关键字：西奥多·德莱塞；《嘉莉妹妹》；消费文化；消费英雄 Abstract Theodore Dreiser is an outstanding naturalism writer in the 20th century American literary history. Since his first novel Sister Carrie was published, it had been involved in much controversy. Dreiser lived in an age transforming from production to consumption leading society. During this process, the production predominated ideology had been replaced by the consumption one. Besides, people’s behaviors and mentality were getting more and more influenced by consumption, so were their life styles and concepts of value. Dreiser himself realized the profound effects of the change. Therefore, in his meticulous writing, a kind of new character type “Consumer Hero” formed in the consumption wave. New social characteristics and people’s relationships also appeared. Although Dreiser’s characters are mostly contrary to the traditional ethical standards, in his view, they are all products of consumer culture at that time. This paper is divided into five parts. The 1st part will introduce the writer’s life, his works, and previous studies on it and illustrate the significance of this study and the theory of consumer culture. The 2nd part will mainly analyze the characters from the perspective of consumer culture. The 3rd part will clarify main characteristics of characters. The 4th part will describe Dreiser’s characterization, his attitude to “Consumer Hero” and its influence. At last, it will give a