机床上下料机械手液压系统设计—课程设计论文_精品.doc

课 程 设 计 说 明 书 课程设计名称 《液压与气压传动》课程设计 专 业 机械制造及自动化 目 录 1.绪论·····························································1 1.1机械手简介····················································1 1.1.1机械手概述················································1 1.1.2国内外机械手的现状和发展趋势······························1 1.1.3基本工作过程··············································2 1.2液压控制系统的特点············································3 2.液压控制系统设计·················································4 2.1液压系统简介··················································4 2.2液压系统的组成················································4 2.3 液压系统原理·················································4 2.4 液压系统的工况分析···········································5 2.5 机械手液压系统的控制回路·····································5 2.6 拟定液压传动系统工作原理图···································8 2.7 液压元件简介和选型··········································10 2.7.1 液压元件简介············································10 2.7.2 液压元件的选型··········································11 3.电气控制系统的设计··············································16 3.1 主电路的设计与元件的选用····································16 3.2 拟定I/O接线图··············································20 4.设计总结························································22摘要: 在机械制造业中，机械手己被广泛应用，大大地改善了工人的劳动条件，显著地提高劳动生产率，加快了实现工业生产机械化和自动化的步伐。机械手能模仿人手和臂的某些动作功能，用以按固定程序抓取、搬运物件或操作工具的自动操作装置。本文介绍了一种组合机床上下料机械手控制系统的设计方案。 本文的机械手由液压系统驱动，选择用PLC进行控制。液压传动系统的特点是运行平稳，寿命长；容易实现自动化；布置较灵活。PLC控制系统的特点是可靠性高，抗干扰能力强；配套齐全，功能完善，适用性强；易学易用，深受工程技术人员欢迎；建造工作量小，维护方便，容易改造；体积小重量轻，能耗低。 本文选定拖动方案为液压传动，对液压传动系统的特点进行了分析，介绍了本题所用的液压系统的组成，拟定了液压原理图。通过本次的设计，我对液压传动系统有了更深层的了解，为以后这方面的工作与学习打下了良好的基础。 关键词: 机械手;液压缸 1 绪论 在工业生产线中，机械手具有很广泛的用途。它是工作抓取和装配系统中的一个重要组成部分。它的基本作用是从指定位置抓取工件运送到另一个指定的位置进行装配。机械手臂代替了人土的繁杂劳动，并且操作精度高，提高了产品质量和生产效率。 1.1 机械手简介 1.1.1 机械手概述 机械手的组成:能模仿人手和臂的某些动作功能，用以按固定程序抓取、搬运物件或操作工具的自动操作装置。如图1-1它可代替人的繁重劳动以实现生产的机械化和自动化，能在有害环境下操作以保护人身安全，因而广泛应用于机械制造、冶金、电子、轻上和原子能等部门。 机械手主要由手部、运动机构