2018届高考英语二轮专题复习 介词和介词短语导学案.doc

介词和介词短语 【考纲解读】 介词是英语中比较活跃的词,它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活且意义丰富。介词的考查形式多样,除了单纯考查介词外,还常考查介词与其他词的搭配。此外,在定语从句中,也常考查“介词+关系代词”的用法。有些介词的考查频率较高,如with, beyond等。 【预习导学】 一、介词 1．表示方位的at, in, on, to, beside/by和near 介词 用法 示例 at 一般指在较小的地方 I met him ______the shop. in 一般指在较大的地方，或在某一范围内 They arrived _____ Beijing yesterday. Shandong Province lies _____the east of China. on 一般指在物体的表面，或相邻并接壤的两个地域 The picture is hanging _____ the wall. Vietnam is _____ the south of China. to 表示某范围外不接壤的两位置 Jiangsu Province is ______ the southeast of Hebei Province. beside /by “在……的旁边” She was standing _______ her mother. There is a small house _____ the river. near “接近；靠近” There is a supermarket ______ my home. 2．表示方位的between和among 介词 用法 示例 between 在两者或每两者之间 I sat down ________ Sue and Jane. among 在三者或三者以上之间 The teacher was standing ________ the students. 3．表示方位的across, through, over和past 介词 用法 示例 across 从……的表面穿过 He walked ______ the square to meet us. through 从……的内部穿过 The guide led us ________ the forest. over 从……的上面跨过 The thief jumped ______ the fence and fled away. past 从……的旁边经过 She walked ______ the shop. 4．表示时间点的at, in和on 介词 用法 示例 at 表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日 ___ 9：00; ___ noon; ___ daybreak; _____Christmas in 表示在某个较长的时间内，如世纪、朝代或年月；泛指的上午、下午、傍晚 ____ the 21st century; _____ September; ____ the morning on 表示在具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上 ____ 2nd, September; ____ the morning of 1st, May 5．表示时间段的for和since 介词 用法 示例 for “for＋时间段”意为“多长时间”，表示动作持续的时间长短，一般作完成时、过去时或将来时的时间状语 He has lived in the small village _____ five years. I studied in Peking University ___ 4 years. since “since＋时间点”意为“自从(过去某时)以来”，作完成时的时间状语 He has worked in this company ____ graduation. Tom has been doing his homework _____ 7 o’clock. 6．表示交通方式的by, in和on 介词 用法 示例 by “by＋名词”表示交通方式时，名词前不加冠词 My brother usually goes to school __ bike. in/on in/on后的名词必须有冠词或代词等修饰 My father often goes to work __ his car/___ his bicycle. 7．表示“用……”的by, in和with 介词 用法 示例 by 指“靠……手段，用……方法，凭借……”，后可接名词、代词或动名词 He made a living ___ selling newspapers when he was young.