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widespread climate change in the himalayas and associated changes in local ecosystems广泛的气候变化在喜马拉雅山脉和相关的当地生态系统的变化.pdf

发布:2017-09-11约5.16万字共10页下载文档
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Widespread Climate Change in the Himalayas and Associated Changes in Local Ecosystems 1,2 3 1,4,5 Uttam Babu Shrestha *, Shiva Gautam , Kamaljit S. Bawa 1 University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 2 Harvard University Herbarium, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, 3 Department of Biostatistics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 4 Sustainability Science Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, 5 Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and Environment (ATREE), Bangalore, India Abstract Background: Climate change in the Himalayas, a biodiversity hotspot, home of many sacred landscapes, and the source of eight largest rivers of Asia, is likely to impact the well-being of ,20% of humanity. However, despite the extraordinary environmental, cultural, and socio-economic importance of the Himalayas, and despite their rapidly increasing ecological degradation, not much is known about actual changes in the two most critical climatic variables: temperature and rainfall. Nor do we know how changes in these parameters might impact the ecosystems including vegetation phenology. Methodology/Principal Findings: By analyzing temperature and rainfall data, and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) values from remotely sensed imagery, we report significant changes in temperature, rainfall, and vegetation phenology across the Himalayas between 1982 and 2006. The average annual mean temperature during the 25 year period has increased by 1.5uC with an average increase of 0.06uC yr21. The average annual precipitation has increased by 163 mm
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