基于51单片机超声波测距仪设计毕业论文.doc

摘要 洛阳理工学院毕业设计（论文） PAGE IV PAGE 2 基于51单片机的超声波测距仪设计 摘 要 利用超声波进行测距有许多优点比如不受光强度、色彩和电磁场等外界因素的影响，而且超声波传感器的价位较低、结构也较为简单，超声波以声速传播，方便收发与计算。在汽车倒车雷达、移动机器人的避障、特别是测量距离等许多方面都已有了非常普遍的应用。 本次毕业设计的超声波测距仪是在STC89C51单片机的基础上设计的，在分析和了解了超声波的一些优点和特性后，又查看了利用超声波测距的基本原理。最后决定使用51单片机系统和超声波传感器共同组成。设计的超声波测距仪的硬件部分主要包括电源及复位模块、单片机与超声波模块组成的超声波发射模块、超声波接收模块、LED数码显示模块和扩展报警模块。软件部分主要包括单片机主程序、根据超声波发射与接收计算距离程序、LED距离显示程序、按键控制程序和蜂鸣器报警程序，这样安排使得系统具有模块化的特点。系统容易进行控制，具有可靠地的性能，具有较高的测量精度，最重要的是能对距离进行实时测量。 关键词：单片机，测距仪，超声波，实时测量 Design of Ultrasonic Distance Meter Based on 51 MCM ABSTRACT Using ultrasonic ranging has many advantages for example, from the effects of light intensity, color and electromagnetic field and other external factors and price lower ultrasonic sensors, the structure is simple, ultrasonic sounds velocity, convenient transceiver and calculation. In the car reverse radar, mobile robot obstacle avoidance, especially measuring distance and many other aspects have been very common application. The graduation design of ultrasonic range finder based on STC89C51 MCU design, analysis and understanding of the some advantages and characteristics of ultrasonic and looked at the use of the basic principle of ultrasonic distance measurement. Finally, the composition of the 51 single-chip microcomputer system and ultrasonic sensor is decided.. The design of ultrasonic rangefinder hardware part consists of the power and reset module, SCM and ultrasonic module consists of ultrasonic emission module, ultrasonic receiving module, LED digital display expansion module and alarm module. Software part mainly includes MCU program, according to the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving computing program distance, the distance of LED display program, key control procedures and buzzer alarm procedures, this arrangement enables the system to have the characteristics of modular. The system is easy to control and has the reliable performance, and has the higher accuracy, and the most important is the real-time measurement of