《浅析明朝灭亡的原因》-毕业论文.doc

商丘师范学院本科毕业论文设计 PAGE PAGE 7 浅析明朝灭亡的原因 摘 要 明朝的灭亡，并非亡于万历，也不是亡于崇祯，而是从明朝建立之初所实行的官僚体制，就为其灭亡埋下了祸根。庞大的官僚体制和军事征伐所带来的财政危机，更加速了明朝的灭亡。朱元璋对原来的豪族地主所采取的复杂政策，一方面要利用和依靠他们，另一方面限制他们发展，这就引发了南北地主之间的矛盾，进一步使明朝统治阶级内部分裂，削弱了其统治力量。种种原因使明王朝没有走出“人存政兴，人亡政衰”这一历史周期率，最终大明王朝在人民起义的一片声讨声中灭亡了，这也是封建专制制度的必然结果。 关键词 明朝灭亡 ； 官僚体制 ； 财政危机 ；内部矛盾 Analyzing superficially the reason of the destruction of Ming Dynasty. Abstract The destruetion of Ming Dynasty was not Wan Li or ChongZhen , but the bureaucratic system that was put into effete from the beginning of Ming Dynasty , The bureaucratic system buried the root of misfortune of the destruction of Ming Dynasty . The financial crisis brought by the large bureaucratic system and military war quickened the destruction of Ming Dynasty . Thecomplicated policies adopted by Zhu Yuanzhang to the despotic landlord , one hand , taking advantage of them and depending on them , on the other hand , restricting their development , which leaded to the conflict between North and South landlord , and further leaded to break up in the inside of Ming Dynasty ruler and weakened the power of control . Because of all kinds of reasons , Ming Dynasty was always troubling into the circle of history that when people existed the politics flourished , and when people disappeared politics came to an end . At last , the Ming Dynasty was ruined in the denouncement of the people’s uprising , which is the in evitable result of the feudalism . Keywords The Ming Dynasty perishes ; Bureaucrat system ; Financial crisis ; Internal contradications 浅析明朝灭亡的原因 关于明朝灭亡的原因，各种各样的分析探讨已经非常多了，大多归结于其政治腐败、宦官专权、农民起义、军事失利等方面。而依我个人的看法，除此之外，我们应该看到以下几个方面的原因：一是明朝的体制；二是严重的财政危机引发的各种社会问题，导致国内农民起义无法控制；三是北方地主阶级与南方地主阶级的矛盾，削弱了明朝内部统治阶层的力量。 一、由明朝的体制看明亡的原因 黄仁宇老师在他的《万历十五年》中这样写到“看来，1619年辽东战役在一周内，以奇怪的方式决定了以后几代中国人的命运，但实际上，这已酝酿多年；可以说，它是明王朝的官僚体制及其日常运转这种体制所招致的不可避免的结果。”[1]他认为明朝军事上的失利，是根源于明的体制。但是，胡月伟老师在《万历五十年》一文中则这样写到“明朝之亡，非于崇祯，实于万历。”[2]他认为正是万历的昏庸和他的穷兵黩武，导致明朝在政治、经济、军事等方方面面全线衰退，为明亡埋下了祸根。虽然很有道理，但我不太赞成他的这种观点。我认为明亡的祸根其实在早于万历朝200多年的