美国历史简介 中英对照 ppt创新.ppt
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“我们合众国人民,为建立更完善的联盟,树立正义,保障国内安宁,提供共同防务,促进公共福利,并使我们自己和后代得享自由的幸福,特为美利坚合众国制定本宪法。” Westward Expansion – “Manifest Destiny” 西进运动 1. The hardship of early pioneer settlers – Oregon Trail (俄勒冈小道) The trip on foot took four to six months. 昭昭天命(英语:Manifest Destiny),为惯用措词,表达美国凭借天命,散播民主自由的信念。昭昭天命的拥护者们认为美国在领土和影响力上的扩张不仅明显(Manifest),且本诸不可违逆之天数(Destiny)。昭昭天命最初为十九世纪时的政治警句(catch phrase),后来成为标准的历史名辞,意义通常等于美国横贯北美洲,直达太平洋的领土扩张。? 西进运动(Westward Movement)是美国人民由北美东部向西部地区开发、移居的过程。它始自美国建国后,当初移民越过阿巴拉契亚山脉,进入密西西比河以东地区,从19世纪20年代起,移民开始越过密西西比河,进入美国新扩张的地区,40年代,加利福尼亚发现金矿,形成移民的“加利福尼亚热”。1857年第一次世界性经济危机发生,美国东部地区大批工人面临失业,大量饥民在全国流浪,许多人满怀对土地的渴望涌向西部。1862年,林肯政府颁布了《宅地法》,将西进运动推向新高潮。19世纪末20世纪初,西进运动结束。 运动本质: 是一个不断向西部移民、扩张领土的过程 是一个经济开发过程 是美国工业革命所独具的特点 是美国人民艰苦创业的过程 也是驱杀土著居民印第安人的运动 《大地雄心》Far and Away 汤姆·克鲁斯和妮可·基德曼主演 California Gold Rush加州淘金者 People traveled to California in the search for quick rich. The number of westward migrants multiplied. The American Civil War南北战争 Northern vs. Southern Abraham Lincoln Introduction to British and American Culture Northern vs. Southern Three significant conflicts between the North and South of America. The slave problem Different economic interests The political conflict Major issue Slavery Introduction to British and American Culture Northern vs. Southern The Southern states Claimed for themselves the Confederate States (or the Confederacy) Slavery continued The Northern States Fought to maintain the Union Called the Union States Slavery had been abolished Introduction to British and American Culture Northern vs. Southern Issues Southern States Northern States Economy Plantations __________center Slavery __________ Abolished Political power More powerful __________ powerful Support The Confederacy ____________ Manufacturing Continued Less The Union Introduction to British and American Culture Abraham Lincoln March 1861 -- took the office of the president. April 12, 1861--
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