可靠性分析—混凝土桥的结构处理工具---外文翻译.doc

英文翻译 Reliability analysis : a structures management tool for concrete bridges Reinforced concrete structures are susceptible to a variety of deterioration mechanisms, including alkali-thaw action and chloride ingress. Substantial research has been undertaken in relation to these mechanisms and other problems. This has particularly been the case over the last 20 years or so, where the objective has been to identify causes, consequences and develop remediation strategies. This has improved understanding of long-term behaviour of reinforced concrete and resulted in the development of techniques to increase deterioration resistance. At present, the most common approach is to act after a problem has been identified, known as re-active maintenance. This may not be the most economic solution since, in many cases, maintenance is more costly than preventative treatments. However, owners are often reluctant to pay for preventative treatments before deterioration is apparent. Early application of treatments may not be the optimal solution in the long run. Integrated deterioration and performance prediction modeling is essential to pro-actively plan and prioritise inspection, testing and maintenance. This becomes increasingly important as infrastructure ages and justification for maintenance funding becomes increasingly critical. Performance assessment can be achieved through surveys, testing and formal calculations, ideally based on site data that represent, as accurately as possible, the state of the structure. By integrating predictive deterioration models with assessment tools and performance criteria (at element, structure or group level) it becomes possible to base the maintenance regime on time-dependent performance profiles. This is particularly relevant in the context of whole-wife costing procedures. Substantial research has been undertaken in relation to these mechanisms and other problems. This has particularly been the case over the last 20 years or so, where the