专题6 动词及动词短语.doc

专题六 动词及动词短语 (Verbs Verb Phrases) 第一讲 动词的种类及动词形式 (The category of verb and verb forms) 动词的分类 分类 词汇 用法特征 实义动词 及物动词：可直接带宾语的实义动词 不及物动词：不可直接带宾语的实义动词 状态动词（相对静止contain/exist/own... 动作动词: 延续性: work/stay... 非延续性: marry/die/come/arrive... 系动词 助动词 助动词没有独立意义，帮助其它动词一起构成时态、语态、语气，否定和疑问等 情态动词 情态动词用来表达说话人或主语的情感、态度、语气和猜测； 不能单独作谓语，需与其它动词原形一起构成谓语；一般没有人称和数的变化； 分析下列划线动词的类型： Johnson gave his wife twenty pounds for her birthday. Most shops in Beijing open at 9:00 a.m. and close at 5:00 in the afternoon. The post office closes at 18:00. Close the window,please. She works in a supermarket. He works the machine on Mondays. Jack and Tom are farmers. It’s becoming more and more expensive to travel abroad. The problem remained unsolved until last month. He is waiting for the bus. Steel is made by steel workers. Sha hasn’t bought a new pair of shoes since 1996. You speak English as fluently as she does. We sure that she could pass the test. There is no bus here in the village we have to walk there. 动词的形式 类型 规则变化 例词 谓语动词 原形 动词本身的形式，用动词原形其它的几种情况： 动词不定式，情态动词，助动词（do/does/did ; will/would ; shall / should）之后； 祈使句中的谓语动词，要用原形； 其它一些固定句型中； finish ; hike ; climb ; operate... 三单式 1. 一般情况，在词尾+ s； 2. 以s/x/sh/ch/o结尾，词尾+es； 3. 以辅音字母+y结尾，改y为i，再+es； 不规则变化：have--has be--is stop--stops brush--brushes study--studies go--goes 过去式 一般情况，在词尾+ed； 以不发音的e结尾，直接+d； 以辅音字母+y结尾，改y为i，再+ed； 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母，再+ed； 不规则变化（见不规则动词表）； want--wanted live--lived study--studied plan--planned have--had go--went 现在分词 一般情况，在词尾+ing； 不发音的e结尾，去e加ing； 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母，再+ing； 以ie结尾的，改ie为y，再+ing； work--working live--living run--running lie--lying tie--tying 过去分词 规则变化与动词不定式变化相同； （不规则变化见不规则动词表） learn--learned/learnt do--done 非谓 语动词 不定式（to do /do）；动名词（doing）；分词（doing/done） 三、动词种类的高频考点 形近动词的辨析 ( Thousands of foreigners were _____C_____ to Shanghai World Expo the day it open. A. attended B. attained C. attracted D. attached ( In just a decade, the company has be