控制系统的介绍英文翻译.pdf

控制系统的介绍英文翻译--第1页

IntroductiontoControlSystem

1.1HISTORICALPERSPECTIVE

Thedesiretocontroltheforcesofnaturehasbeenwithmansince

earlycivilizations.Althoughmanyexamplesofcontrolsystemsexistedin

earlytimes,itwasnotuntilthemid-eighteenthcenturythatseveral

steamengine,andperhapsthemostnoteworthyinventionwasthespeed

controlflyballgovernorinventedbyJamesWatt.

Theperiodbiginnignabouttwenty-fiveyearsbeforeWorldWarTwo

sawrapidadvancesinelectronicsandespeciallyincircuittheory,aided

bythenowclassicalworkofNyquistintheareaofstabilitytheory,The

requirementsofsophisticatedweaponsystems,submarines,aircraftand

thelikegavenewimpetustotheworkincontrolsystemsbeforeandafter

thewarTheadventoftheanalogcomputercoupledwithadvancesin

electronicssawthebeginningoftheestablishmentofcontrolsystemsasa

science.ByThemid-fifties,theprogressindigitalcomputershadgiven

theengineersanewtoolthatgreatlyenhancedtheircapabilitytostudy

largeandcomplexsystems.Theavailabilityofcomputersalsoopenedthe

eraofdata-logging,computercontrol,andthestatespaceofmodern

methodofanalysis.

Thesputnikbeganthespaceraceandlargegovernmental

expendituresinthespaceaswellasmilitaryeffort.Duringthistime.

circuitsbecameminiaturizedandlargesophisticatedsystemscouldbeput

togetherverycompactlytherebyallowingacomputationalandcontrol

advantagecoupledwithsystemsofsmallphysicaldimensions.Wewere

nowcapableofdesigningandflying