state strategies of governance in biomedical innovation aligning conceptual approaches for understanding rising powers in the global context国家生物医学创新的治理策略调整概念方法对于理解u201c正在崛起的大国u201d在全球范围内.pdf

Salter and Faulkner Globalization and Health 2011, 7:3 /content/7/1/3 RESEARCH Open Access State strategies of governance in biomedical innovation: aligning conceptual approaches for understanding ‘Rising Powers’ in the global context * Brian Salter, Alex Faulkner Abstract Background: ’Innovation’ has become a policy focus in its own right in many states as they compete to position themselves in the emerging knowledge economies. Innovation in biomedicine is a global enterprise in which ‘Rising Power’ states figure prominently, and which undoubtedly will re-shape health systems and health economies globally. Scientific and technological innovation processes and policies raise difficult issues in the domains of science/technology, civil society, and the economic and healthcare marketplace. The production of knowledge in these fields is complex, uncertain, inter-disciplinary and inter-institutional, and subject to a continuing political struggle for advantage. As part of this struggle, a wide variety of issues - regulation, intellectual property, ethics, scientific boundaries, healthcare market formation - are raised and policy agendas negotiated. Methods: A range of social science disciplines and approaches have conceptualised such innovation processes. Against a background of concepts such as the competition state and the developmental state, and national innovation systems, we give an overview of a range of approaches that have potential for advancing understanding of governance of global life science and biomedical innovation, with special reference to the ‘Rising Powers’, in order to examine convergences and divergences between them. Conceptual approaches that we focus on include those drawn from political science/political economy, sociology of technology; Innovation Stu