木质素_PAN共混溶液体系静电纺丝研究.doc

  木质素/PAN 共混溶液体系静电纺丝研究# 黎承前，马艾丽，付严，常杰** （华南理工大学化学与化工学院，广东广州 510640） 5 10 摘要：以 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）为溶剂，采用静电纺丝法制备了木质素/聚丙烯腈（PAN） 纳米纤维。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）来观察纤维的直径及其形态，研究了纺丝液浓度、 纺丝电压、推速、接收距离、转筒转速等因素对纤维直径和取向的影响。随着聚丙烯腈浓度 的增加，纤维逐渐由串珠形状过渡至取向好、无串珠的纤维，并当聚丙烯腈与木质素共混比 例为 1:4 时形成了直径分布均匀（200nm-300nm）、取向程度好、无串珠的纤维；纺丝电压、 推速、接收距离对纤维平均直径和直径分布有重要影响，而转速对纤维取向有重要影响。以 上研究结果表明，该木质素/聚丙烯腈纳米纤维可用于进一步制备高性能碳纳米纤维。 关键词：化学工程；木质素；聚丙烯腈；静电纺丝；纳米纤维 中图分类号：TQ342 15 Study on preparation of lignin-PAN nanofibers by electrospinning LI Chengqian, MA Aili, FU Yan, CHANF Jie (School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 20 25 30 35 40 Guangzhou 510640) Abstract: Lignin/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning of lignin/PAN solutions in different blend concentrations. Fibers morphology was observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and effects of processing parameters including electrospinning voltage, flow rate, tip-to-collector distance, and rotational speed on the morphology of electrospun lignin/PAN fibers were studied. With the increase of weight ratio of PAN to lignin, the morphology of fibers was changed from beaded fibers to uniform fibers. The beadless, uniform lignin/PAN nanofibers with a diameter of 200-300nm were obtained when the weight ratio of PAN to lignin is 80%. This results show that it is possible to develop a new precursor material for preparing carbon nanofibers with a blend of lignin and PAN. It was also found that the electrospinning voltage, flow rate and tip-to-collector distance had important influences on the average fiber diameter and diameter distribution, whereas rotational speed could significantly affect the degree of fiber alignment. Key words: chemical engineering; lignin; PAN; electrospinning; nanofibers 0 引言 碳纤维由于具有独特的化学、电学和力学性质，在航空、航天、化工、交通、建筑、体 育运动器材等很多领域都得到了广泛应用 [1]。现阶段生产碳纤维的原料主要是聚丙烯腈 （PAN）和沥青，这两种原料都是石油基原料[2]。由于石油储量有限，因此希望寻找一种能 够取代或部分取代石油基原料的可再生原料。木质素是天然的，含有大量芳香基团的生物大 分子化合物，据测全球每年可产生约 600 亿 t 木质素[3-4]。目