剧塑性变形制备超细晶纳米晶结构金属材料的研究-中国科学技术协会.doc

文章编号：1004-0609(2010)04-0587-12 剧塑性变形金属材料研究现状国家金属材料近净成形工程技术研究中心：目前剧塑性变形法制备超细晶晶材料的研究现状，介绍等通道转角挤压、高压扭转、累积叠轧焊多向锻造等剧塑性变形方法特点原理金属材料经剧塑性变形后超塑性变形展望剧塑性变形金属材料应用前景。关键词：金属材料细晶晶剧塑性变形超塑性中图分类号TG135.3　　 文献标志码：A Research status and application prospect of ultrafine grained and/or nano-crystalline metallic materials processed by severe plastic deformation KANG Zhi-xin, PENG Yong-hui, LAI Xiao-ming, LI Yuan-yuan, ZHAO Hai-dong, ZHANG Wei-wen (National?Engineering Research Center of Near-Net-Shape Forming?for Metallic Materials, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China) Abstract: With a view to the current researches of ultrafine grained and nano-crystalline metallic materials processed by severe plastic deformation(SPD), several typical methods, characteristics and principle of SPD were introduced, such as equal channel angular pressing, high pressure torsion, accumulative roll-bonding and multiple forging. The microstructural revolution and grain refinement mechanism of metallic materials fabricated by SPD were discussed. The change tendency of the strength and ductility of the metallic material, and the influence rules of superplastic deformation was also analyzed. The application of SPD for metallic materials was prospected. Key words: metallic material; microstructural revolution; ultrafine grain; nano-crystalline; severe plastic deformation; superplasticity 剧塑性变形(evere plastic deformation, SPD)因其强大的晶粒细化能力，可使多晶体材料的细化至亚微米级甚至纳米级超细晶(ltrafine grained, UFG)材料[1]，表现出优异的力学性能和使用性能而引起研究者的广大兴趣各各样的SPD工艺方法包括等通道转角挤压、高压扭转、累积叠轧及多向锻造等已被用于Al、Cu、MgTi等金属材料。SPD变形不仅避免了其他方法如高压凝固或球磨研磨中出现的残留孔隙或粉末杂质污染所产生的危害；保证在变形过程各种金属材料的形状不发生明显变化，从而传统加工方法如轧制、锻造及挤压对金属材料进行较大塑性应变而导致厚度及直径尺寸减小使材料不适合用于结构件的缺点[]； 基金项目：广东省科技攻关计划资助项目(2005(2009Z2-D811) 收稿日期：2009-05-31；2009-12-28 通信作者：康志新，教授，博士；电话：020-8711；E-mail: zxkang@scut.edu.cn 意义。 1 剧塑性变形技术世纪90年代初VALIEV等开始采用等通道转角挤压法(qual channel angul