道路运输中路面扬尘的治理方法毕业设计论文.docx

山东科技大学本科毕业设计（论文） 摘 要 众所周知，在道路运输中路面扬尘造成的危害非常严重。路面扬尘会损害工作人员的身心健康，影响施工区周围的环境，增加车辆保养、维修费用及耗油量。最危险的是当路面扬尘的浓度较高时，扬尘会阻挡司机的视线，极易引发交通事故。 产生路面扬尘危害的原因主要有两方面：一方面，现阶段在我国，矿石、沙子、泥土等散料一般都采用敞车运输，在运输过程中，由于车辆颠簸和风力作用，致使散料损失严重；另一方面，一些矿区、工地简单地使用泥沙铺成的临时路面，风力作用下会使路面尘土扬起。为此，本文对用于道路运输的新型的复合型化学抑尘剂进行了研究开发。 在对国内外抑尘剂的现状及发展进行分析和研究的基础上，结合我国实际情况，通过对运输路面扬尘机理的分析，提出了凝并、吸湿和保水为一体的抑尘思想，同时对其抑尘率、保水率、凝并率、pH值进行了测定。该抑尘剂由吸湿剂硫酸镁、凝并剂高黏CMC和保湿剂甘油组成，最佳用量比分别为80%、12%、8%。该复合抑尘剂的pH值为7，将其喷洒在土样上测得风蚀率为0.01%，60摄氏度下6小时后的保水率为10.83%，黏度为178.0mPa·S。 此外，该抑尘剂成本低、原材料广泛易得、制备工艺简单；无毒、无腐蚀性；具有良好的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益，在道路运输领域具有广泛的应用前景。 关键词：运输道路；尘土；抑尘剂；保水率 ABSTRACT As is known to us all, the dust pollution is very serious during transportation. It does harm to workers’ health and the environment around the construction site, and it can shortens the service life of engine, increases the maintenance cost and the oil consumption. The most dangerous thing is that when the road is in a high dust mass concentration, the dust will block the driver’s line of sight and causes traffic accidents frequently. There are too major reasons of the dust pollution: on the one hand, nowadays, the transportation of ore, sand, soil and other material generally used the flatcar in China. The serious dust pollution and the materiel loss are the main problems during the transport and the piling of the bulk mineral materiel due to the effects of wind and the jolt of transport vehicles. On the other hand, impermeable pavements is not used in some mining area and construction plant, the road in this areas is paved by sediment instead, in this case, the dust is easily be raised by the wind. Therefore, the new type of composite chemical dust suppressants was studied in this paper, it is mainly used to solve the road dust pollution and the material loss in the process of transport. In this paper, the latest development about the chemical dust suppressants in domestic and foreign was analyzed and researched. According to the actual circumstance of our country and the flying