smoke-free medical facility campus legislation support, resistance, difficulties and cost无烟医疗设施校园立法支持、抵抗困难和成本.pdf

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2009, 6, 246-258; doi:10.3390/ijerph6010246 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ISSN 1660-4601 /journal/ijerph Article Smoke-Free Medical Facility Campus Legislation: Support, Resistance, Difficulties and Cost Christine Sheffer 1,*, Maxine Stitzer 2 and J. Gary Wheeler 3 1 Health Behavior and Health Education Department, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St #820, Little Rock, AR 72205, U.S.A. 2 Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, 5510 Nathan Shock, U.S.A.; E-mail: mstitzer@ (M. S.) 3 Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St Little Rock, AR 72205, U.S.A.; E-mail: wheelergary@ (J. G. W.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: cesheffer@; Tel.: +1-501- 526-6613; Fax: +1-501-526-6709 Received: 13 October 2008 / Accepted: 6 January 2009 / Published: 13 January 2009 Abstract: Although medical facilities restrict smoking inside, many people continue to smoke outside, creating problems with second-hand smoke, litter, fire risks, and negative role modeling. In 2005, Arkansas passed legislation prohibiting smoking on medical facility campu