物理-经典力学和量子力学中的谐振子.doc
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目 录
摘要(关键词)………………………………………………………………………………1
Abstract(Key words)…………………………………………………………………… 1
前言……………………………………………………………………………………………1
1.经典力学中的谐振子………………………………………………………………………1
1.1简谐振子…………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.2受驱谐振子………………………………………………………………………… 2
1.3阻尼谐振子………………………………………………………………………… 3
1.4受驱阻尼谐振子…………………………………………………………………… 3
1.5数学描述…………………………………………………………………………… 3
1.6经典谐振子的计算………………………………………………………………… 4
2.量子力学中的谐振子…………………………………………………………………… 5
2.1一维谐振子………………………………………………………………………… 5
2.1.1哈密顿算符和能量本征态………………………………………………… 5
2.1.2 阶梯算符方法……………………………………………………………… 6
2.1.3自然长度和自然能量…………………………………………………………8
2.2三维谐振子………………………………………………………………………… 8
2.3谐振子的相干态…………………………………………………………………… 9
2.3.1降算符的本征态………………………………………………………………9
2.3.2相干态的性质……………………………………………………………… 10
3.经典谐振子和量子谐振子的比较……………………………………………………… 10
3.1能级…………………………………………………………………………………10
3.1.1能级取值点………………………………………………………………… 10
3.1.2零点能……………………………………………………………………… 10
3.2波函数………………………………………………………………………………11
参考文献…………………………………………………………………………………… 13
致谢………………………………………………………………………………………… 13
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经典力学和量子力学中的谐振子
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经典力学和量子力学中的谐振子
摘要:谐振子在经典力学和量子力学中都是比较重要的问题,原因在于简谐振动广泛存在于自然界中,而许多体系都可以看成谐振子。本文着重介绍了经典力学中谐振子的的几种类别及其相关物理量的求解和量子力学中一维谐振子、三维谐振子以及相干态的相关知识,最后对经典和量子两个范畴内的谐振子进行了比较。
关键字:谐振子;经典力学;量子力学;相干态
Abstract:Harmonic oscillator is important in both classical and quantum mechanics. The reason is that simple harmonic oscillation widely exists in nature, and many systems can be viewed as harmonic oscillator system. In this paper, we mainly introduce the solution of the several categories and their relating physics terms of oscillator in classical mechanics and the relevant property of one-dimensional harmonic oscillator, the three dimensional harmonic oscillator, and its coherent state in quantum mechanics, finally compare harmonic oscillator in classical mechanics with that in quantum mechanics.
Key words:Harmonic
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