常规游梁式抽油机设计与仿真毕业设计.doc

摘要 现在油田的采油方式有两种：一种是利用地层本身的能量来举升原油，称作自喷采油法；另一类是人为的利用机械设备将原油举升到地面，称作机械采油法。自喷采油法是最经济的方法，但是随着油田的开发，地层压力的降低，地层能量的消耗，油田不能再采用自喷采油法，就需要利用机械采油法。机械采油法，有杆抽油是国内外油田最主要的，也是至今在机械采油方式中占绝对主导地位的人工举升方式。有杆抽油系统主要由抽油机、抽油杆、抽油泵三部分组成，抽油机是有杆抽油系统最主要的升举设备。根据其是否有游梁，抽油机可以划分为游梁式抽油机和无游梁式抽油机。而常规游梁抽油机自诞生以来，历经百年，经历了各种工况和各种地域油田生产的考验，经久不衰。目前仍在国内外普通使用。常规游梁式抽油机以其结构简单、耐用、操作简便、维护费用低等明显优势，一直占据着有杆系采油地面设备的主导地位。所以研究有杆类采油设备是非常有意义的。 本文介绍了常规抽油机工作原理与节能原理，设计过程中对抽油机运动学和动力学分析与计算，阐述了常规游梁式抽油机运动规律。游梁式抽油机驴头的悬点载荷标志抽油机的工作能力的重要参数之一，而看它是否节能，其技术指标是抽油机的电动机实耗功率的大小及减速器的工作状态。本设计全面概述了常规性抽油机的发展概况，抽油机的优化设计及其节能原理，对抽油机得几何参数，运动参数，动力学参数进行了全面的分析计算，以对常规游梁式抽油机进行优化设计。 关键词：常规游梁式抽油机；结构设计计算；优化 Abstract Method of oilfield?exploitation of crude oil?is divided into?two kinds: one kind is?uses thehigh?energy to?lift crude oil,?known as the?flowing production?method;?another kind is?the use of mechanical equipment?for?the?crude oil onto the ground,?called the?mechanical recovery?method.?Flowing production?method is the mosteconomical,?but?with the development of oil fields,?lower formation pressure,formation energy?consumption,?oil field?can not use?the flowing production method,need to use?mechanical recovery?method.?Machinery?production equipment from the?mode of production?can be divided?into two?kinds:?rod?production?equipment and?no?rod?production?equipment,?and?rod?production?equipment?for the main?part,so the?energy?problem?rod?production?equipment?is very meaningful. Beam pumping unit is?the main?equipment for the production of?rod?oil extraction equipment?in oil field.?In some?oil fields in China?try to use?technology to replace theconventional beam?pumping?machine is?advanced,?but because the?cost?is too high,?the?cost recovery?period is too long,?so?in the field?or in the?beam pumping unit. This paper?introduces?the conventional?pumping unit working?principle and theprinciple of energy saving?pumping unit,?the analysis and calculation of?the kinematics and dynamics of?machine?design process,?the?conventi