On the Application of Humor in Mr Obama’s Speech 幽默在奥巴马演讲中的运用.doc

On the Application of Humor in Mr. Obama’s Speech 幽默在奥巴马演讲中的运用 CONTENTS Abstract in Chinese Abstract in English 1 Introduction 2 2. Literature Review 2 2.1 Relative Studies on Humor 2 2.2 Relative Studies on Obamas Speech 4 3. Theoretical Framework 5 3.1 Conversational Implicature 6 3.2 Cooperative Principle 7 3.3 Relevance Theory 8 4. Analyses of Obamas Speech at White House Correspondents Association Dinner.. 9 4.1 Sample Analyses of Humor Referring to Conversational Implicature 9 4.2 Sample Analyses of Humor by Violating Cooperative Principle Maxims 10 4.2.1 Violation of Quality Maxim Leading to Humor 11 4.2.2 Violation of Quantity Maxim Leading to Humor 13 4.2.3 Violation of Relation Maxim Leading to Humor 14 4.2.4 Violation of Manner Maxim Leading to Humor 14 4.3 Sample Analyses of Humor with Reference to Relevance Theory 15 5. Conclusions 16 References....................................................................................................................17 Appendix......................................................................................................................19 摘要 幽默是人类区别于其他动物所特有的品质，它存在于会话、演讲、电影、广告、电视剧、文学作品等口头和非口头的形式中。因其对改善人际交流起着重要的作用，至今，已有不少学者从语言学、修辞学等角度分析了会话、广告、影视、文学作品中的幽默。但很少学者运用语用理论去分析演讲中的幽默，因此,为了弥补这部分的空缺，作者将运用语用学理论分析幽默在政治演讲中的运用及其效果。本文将运用会话含义，合作原则和关联理论分析奥巴马2009年5月9日在白宫记者协会晚宴中发表的演讲。众所周知，这篇演讲不同于他以往严肃的演讲，是他上任百日后的幽默发言。分析发现会话理论同样适用于演讲，即使它与会话不同。这个发现不仅连接了语用理论和演讲中的幽默，还有利于人们更好地理解、欣赏和创造幽默。 关键词 幽默；演讲；语用学；会话含义； 合作原则； 关联理论 Abstract Humor is a trait of people distinguishing from other animals. It can be observed in interlocutions, speeches, movies, advertisements, television shows and literary works, both verbal and non-verbal. Its importance as a language device to improve interpersonal relationship is so great that many scholars in different areas have studied on it from various angles, such as linguistics, rhetoric and so on. However, seldom scholars have ever studied the humor in speeches from pragmatics’ viewpoint. S