人教版必须修读一第4章节硝酸优秀演示课件.ppt

* 第四章　 非金属及其化合物 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 课 前 预 习 课 后 作 业 课 堂 练 习 第四节　氨　硝酸　硫酸 课时作业3——硝酸 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 基础训练 课 前 预 习 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 一.硝酸的物理性质 纯硝酸是无色、有刺激性气味的液体, 密度比水大，能以任意比溶解于水。 质量分数为69%的硝酸为浓硝酸。 质量分数为98%以上的硝酸为发烟硝酸。 低沸点（83℃），易挥发。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 思 考 98％以上的硝酸为什么会产生发烟现象？ 发烟硝酸挥发出来的是“烟”么？ 98％的硝酸和69％的硝酸哪个密度大？ 20％的氨水和10％的氨水哪个密度大？ 挥发出的硝酸分子和空气中的水蒸气结合，形成 小液滴悬浮在空气中，因此事实上是雾。 因为硝酸的密度比水大，浓度越大，密度越大； 氨水密度比水小，所以浓度越大，密度越小。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 浓硝酸 浓盐酸 浓硫酸 色态 味 挥发性 常用浓算 浓度 浓硝酸、浓盐酸、浓硫酸物理性质对比 无色 溶液 有刺激性气味 无味 易挥发 难挥发 69％ 37％ 98％ Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 二.硝酸的化学性质 1.硝酸具有酸的通性 HNO3 = H+ + NO3- 使指示剂变色：稀硝酸使紫色石蕊试液变红 与碱发生中和反应： 与碱性氧化物反应： HNO3+ NaOH = NaNO3 + H2O 2HNO3+ CuO = Cu(NO3)2 + H2O 与某些盐反应： 2H