基于摄像头的自主循迹小车系统设计.doc

基于摄像头的自主循迹小车系统设计 摘 要 “飞思卡尔杯”全国大学生智能汽车邀请赛属教育部主办的全国五大竞赛之一，其专业知识涉及控制、模式识别、传感技术、汽车电子、电气、计算机、机械等诸多学科。根据大赛的技术要求，设计制作了智能车控制系统。在整个智能车控制系统中，如何准确地识别道路及实时地对智能车的速度和方向进行控制是整个控制系统的关键。 本文首先对智能车的硬件进行设计，达到了低重心、大前瞻、高稳定性的目标。其次对系统的软件部分进行设计，利用动态阈值法分割处理采集到的图像，得到赛道信息，从而得到智能车的偏航角和偏航距离。综合偏航角和偏航距离两个控制量对舵机进行控制，实现了入弯走内道，S弯直线冲过的目标，大大提高了智能车的弯道运行速度。用光电编码盘检测智能车的运行速度，再根据赛道信息给定智能车的运行速度，运用增量式PID算法调节驱动电机转速，实现了电机的快速响应。 整个系统涉及车模机械结构调整、传感器电路设计及信号处理、控制算法和策略优化等多个方面。经过大量测试，最终确定了现有的系统结构和各项控制参数。 关键字：智能车；图像传感器；阈值分割；路径识别； Abstract Freescale Cup National Undergraduate Smart Car Competition is sponsored by the National Ministry of Education, one of the five contests, their professional knowledge related to control, pattern recognition, sensor technology, automotive electronics, electrical, computer, machinery and many other disciplines. According to the technical requirements of the contest, we design the intelligent vehicle control system. In the entire control system of the smart car, how to accurately identify the road and real-time control the speed and direction of the Smart Car is the key to the whole control system. This paper first introduces the hardware of the smart car, to achieve a low center of gravity, forward-looking, and high-stability target. The second part of the system is software design, the use of dynamic threshold segmentation algorithm to process images, get track information, yaw and the yaw angle. The steering gear is controlled by the yaw and the yaw angle, when through the turn, the smart car goes inside the road, and when through S bend, the smart car crossed as a goal line, greatly improving speed of the smart car. From the detection with encoder disk we get the speed of the smart car, and then from the track information, we set the expected speed of the smart car, the use of incremental PID algorithm for adjusting drive motor speed to achieve the rapid response to the motor. The entire system is involved in mechanical models of structural adjustment, the sensor circuit design