assessment of factors influencing morale in the elderly评估影响因素在老年人的士气.pdf

Assessment of Factors Influencing Morale in the Elderly 1 1 1 1 2 Seng Cheong Loke *, Siti S. Abdullah , Sen Tyng Chai , Tengku A. Hamid , Nurizan Yahaya 1 Institute of Gerontology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, 2 Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Abstract Background: We examined the relationship between morale measured by the Philadelphia Geriatric Morale Scale (PGC) and disability, social support, religiosity, and personality traits. Instruments predicting morale were then tested against PGC domains. Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional survey with a multistage cluster sampling design. Instruments used were disability (disease burden; WHO Disability Score-II, WHODAS-II), social support (Duke Social Support Scale, DUSOCS; Lubben Social Network Scale, LSNS-6; Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey, MOS-SSS), religiosity (Revised Intrinsic- Extrinsic Religious Orientation Scale, I/E-R), and personality (Ten-Item Personality Inventory, TIPI). These were plotted as bar charts against PGC, resolved with one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests, then corrected for multiple comparisons. This process was repeated with PGC domains. Contribution of factors was modeled using population attributable risk (PAR) and odds ratios. Effect of confounders such as gender, age, and ethnicity were checked using binary logistic regression. Results: All instruments showed clear relationships with PGC, with WHODAS-II and DUSOCS performing well (ANOVA p,0.001). For PGC domains, attitude toward aging and lonely dissatisfaction trended together, while agitation did not. PAR, odds ratios, and Exp(b) were