《水处理技术（双语）》课件——水处理基础.pptx

WaterTreatmentFundamentals-ChemicalFundamentals水处理基础——化学基础

一、物质的分类I.Classificationofsubstances（1）按自然界存在的形态分类：分为固态、液态、气态、等离子态、玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚态、费米子凝聚态六种。Classifiedbytheforminwhichtheyexistinnature:sixtypes:solid,liquid,gaseous,plasma,Bose-Einsteincondensate,andfermioniccondensate.1.从宏观角度上分Fromamacroperspective

一、物质的分类I.Classificationofsubstances（2）按组成分类：分为纯净物和混合物。Classificationbycomposition:puresubstancesandmixtures.其中纯净物可分为单质和化合物；wherepuresubstancescanbedividedintomonomersandcompounds.化合物以分散系粒径的相对大小分为溶液、胶体和浊液。Compoundsareclassifiedassolutions,colloidsandcloudyliquidsintermsoftherelativesizeofthedispersingsystemparticles.1.从宏观角度上分Fromamacroperspective

一、物质的分类I.Classificationofsubstances1.从宏观角度上分Fromamacroperspective（3）按多维分类：将多有分子分成四大类型，即：Classifiedbymultidimensionalclassification:themultipotentmoleculesaredividedintofourmaintypes,viz.单片分子Monolithicmolecules双片分子Two-piecemolecule多片分子Multi-piecemolecules复合分子Compositemolecules组成这些分子的分子片又可以按照它的价电子数的多少分为25类。Themolecularsheetsthatmakeupthesemoleculescaninturnbedividedinto25categoriesaccordingtothenumberofvalenceelectronsithas.

一、物质的分类I.Classificationofsubstances2.从性质上分Bynature（1）按来源分类：分为无机物和有机物。Classificationbysource:inorganicandorganic.无机物可分为单质和化合物两大类，Inorganicsubstancescanbedividedintotwomaingroups,monomersandcompounds.

一、物质的分类I.Classificationofsubstances2.从性质上分Bynature而单质又分为金属单质和非金属单质；Inturn,monomersaredividedintometallicandnon-metallicmonomers.化合物一般分为氧化物、酸、碱、盐等四大类。Compoundsaregenerallydividedintofourmaingroups:oxides,acids,basesandsalts.

一、物质的分类I.Classificationofsubstances2.从性质上分Bynature（2）按物质的相对挥发度的差异分类：分为易挥发性、挥发性、难挥发性三大类。Classificationaccordingtothedifferenceintherelativevolatilityofthesubstance:dividedintothreemainc