直肠癌治疗现状.pdf

Updating the Management of Rectal Cancer Viorica Magdalena Nagy Radiotherapy Department , “Ion Chiricuta” Oncology Institute, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj-Napoca, Romania Abstract The disease has changed from a surgically managed disease into a multidisciplinary treatment model. In the last 25 years rectal cancer has changed from Significant progress has been made in the understanding a surgically managed disease into a multidisciplinary of the molecular mechanisms involved in colorectal cancer treatment model. Accurate staging has a critical role in development and progression. In this respect, colorectal the decision-making process of patients with rectal cancer. cancer is one of the most studied tumor types, and this The four most commonly used imaging modalities in the knowledge has already had an impact on the diagnosis, pretherapeutical staging include endoscopic ultrasound, staging, treatment and care of these patients. computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging The need for a multidisciplinary management of and positron emission tomography. patients with newly diagnosed rectal cancer is obvious, and Locoregional tumor control in rectal cancer surgery the team approach, prior to any therapeutic intervention, is has improved significantly over the last 15 years, after the a prerequisite for this. introduction of total mesorectal excision, which leads to the complete removal of the intact mesorectum including the lymphatics, lymph nodes, nerv