专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷105.pdf

专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷105

一、阅读理解本（题共25题，每题7.0分，共25分。）

OceanographyhasbeendefinedasTheapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthe

sea.Beforethenineteenthcentury,scientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfar

between.CertainlyNewtonconsideredsometheoreticalaspectsofitinhiswritings,but

hewasreluctant（4：愿意）togotoseatofurtherhiswork.Formostpeopletheseawas

remote,andwiththeeceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorotherswhoearneda

livingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutit,letalonetoask

whatlaybeneaththesurface.ThefirsttimethatthequestionWhatisatthebottomof

theoceans?hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelaying

ofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.Theengineershadtoknow

thedepthprofile起（形状）oftheroutetoestimatethelengthofcablethathadtobe

manufactured.ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompany

turned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,Mauryhadbeenresponsible

forencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundings探（测）weretakentoinvestigatethe

depthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.Later,someofhisfindingsaroused

muchpopularinterestinhisbookThePhysicalGeographyoftheSea.Thecablewas

laid,butnotuntil1866wastheconnectionmadepermanentandreliable.Attheearly

attempts,thecablefailedandwhenitwastakenoutforrepairsitwasfoundtobecovered

inlivinggrowths,afactwhichdefiedcontemporaryscientificopinionthattherewasno

lifeinthedeeperpartsofthesea.Withinafewyearsoceanographywasunderway.In

1872Thomsonledascientificepedition考（察），whichlastedforfouryearsand

broughthomethousandsofsamplesfromthesea.Theirclassificationandanalysis

occupieds