《Food Nutriology》课件——1-神奇的人体3-内分泌和神经系统.pptx

TheRemarkableBody神奇的人体Thebody’scells

TheHormonalandNervousSystemsSummarizetheinteractionsbetweenthehormonalandnervoussystemsandnutrition:Inadditiontofluid,bloodcells,nutrients,oxygen,andwastes,thebloodalsocarrieschemicalmessengers,hormones,fromonesystemofcellstoanother.Hormonescommunicatechangingconditionsthatdemandresponsesfromthebodysorgans.

WhatDoHormonesHavetoDowithNutrition?Hormonesaresecretedandreleaseddirectlyintothebloodbyorgansknownasglands.Glandsandhormonesaboundinthebody.Eachglandmonitorsaconditionandproducesoneormorehormonestoregulateit.Eachhormoneactsasamessengerthatstimulatesvariousorganstotakeappropriateactions.Forexample,whenthepancreas(agland)detectsahighconcentrationofthebloodssugar,glucose,itreleasesinsulin,ahormone.

Insulinstimulatesmuscleandothercellstoremoveglucosefromthebloodandtostoreit.Theliveralsostoresglucose.Whenthebloodglucoselevelfalls,thepancreassecretesanotherhormone,glucagon,towhichtheliverrespondsbyreleasingintothebloodsomeoftheglucoseitstoredearlier.Thus,anormalbloodglucoselevelismaintained.Nutritionaffectsthehormonalsystem.Inpeoplewhobecomeverythin,forexample,analteredhormonalbalancecausestheirbonestolosemineralsandweaken.Overlythinwomenmayalsoceasetomenstruate,aprocessregulatedbyhormones.内分泌和激素Insulinfunctions

Thehormonalsystemalsoaffectsnutrition.Hormones:Carrymessagestoregulatethedigestivesysteminresponsetomealsorfasting.Informthebrainaboutthedegreeofbodyfatness.Helptoregulatehungerandappetite.Influenceappetitechangesduringawomansmenstrualcycleandinpregnancy.Regulatethebodysreactiontostress,suppressinghungeranddigestion.Inaddition,analteredhormonalstatecontributestothelossofappetitethatsickpeopleoftenexperience.Whentherearequ