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7-路由信息协议RIP.ppt

发布:2017-09-23约字共29页下载文档
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路由信息协议 RIP 深圳职业技术学院计算机系网络专业 教学目标( Objectives ) 1. 动态路由(Dynamic Routing) 2. 距离向量路由协议( Distance Vector Protocol) 3.管理距离和度量值 ( Administrative Distance and Metric) 4. 路由信息协议(RIP) 5. RIP配置(Configing RIP) 6. 路由环路( Routing Loops ) 路由器怎样传递数据包 (How routers route packets from source to destination ) 动态路由(Dynamic Routing) 适应拓扑结构的变化 Adapting to topology change 动态路由协议分类 (Classes of Dynamic Routing Protocols) 管理距离(Administrative Distance) 默认管理距离 (Default Administrative Distance) 度量值( Metric ) 度量值越小,路径就越好。 A lower value for the metric indicates the more reliable route 度量因素(factors for metric): 带宽(Bandwidth) 延迟(Delay) 负载(Load) 可靠性(Reliability) 跳数(Hop Count) 用度量值选择最佳路径 (Selecting Best Route with Metrics) Case Study 1 1. [120/2] 2. [120/2] 3. [100/35556] 4. [90/1288] 5. [90/19999] 距离向量路由协议 (Distance Vector Routing Protocols) Pass periodic copies of routing table to neighbor routers and accumulate distance vectors 定期拷贝路由表给邻居路由器,并累积向量 距离向量—发现路由 (Distance Vector— Discovering Routes) 距离向量—发现路由 (Distance Vector— Discovering Routes) 路由器从邻居那里发现到目的的最佳路径 Routers discover the best path to destinations from each neighbor 距离向量—发现路由 (Distance Vector— Discovering Routes) 路由环路(Routing Loop ) 到达网络0.4.0.0的数据包在A,B,C之间无限传递 Packets for network 10.4.0.0 bounce between routers A, B, and C 解决方案:定义最大跳数 (Solution: Defining a Maximum) 通过定义最大跳数来阻止路由无限循环 Define a limit on the number of hops to prevent infinite loops 解决方案:水平分割 (Solution: Split Horizon) 路由信息不能够发回其起源的路由器 It is never useful to send information about a route back in the direction from which the original packet came 解决方案:路由毒化 Solution: Route Poisoning 路由器马上将down的路由设为不可达(如,16跳) Routers set the distance of routes that have gone down to infinity 解决方案:毒化反转 (Solution: Poison Reverse) 毒化反转和水平分割一起使用 Poison Reverse overrides split horizon 解决方案:抑制计时器 (Solution: Hold-Down Timers) 解决方案:触发更新 (Solution: Triggered Updates) 当路由表发生变化的时候,路由器发送更新 Router sends updates when a change in its routing table occurs RIP概述(RIP Overview) 用跳数做度量值(Hop count me
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