地质因素对煤层气赋存的影响 资源环境与城乡规划管理 毕业论文.doc

PAGE  PAGE 41 地质因素对煤层气赋存的影响 摘 要 近年来，我国经济结构不断优化，作为能源市场重要组成部分的天然气市场发展迅速。但由于我国煤层气产业化尚处于起步阶段，而且我国煤层气普遍存在低渗、低储层压力和低饱和度的“三低”不利条件，虽然煤层埋深、吨煤含气量以及煤层厚度均比较理想，多数项目仍然面临如何稳定与提高单井产量的技术难题，因此寻求科学的煤层气产业化途径是我国面临的一项迫切而艰巨的任务，搞清楚各种地质因素对煤层气赋存的影响就显得尤为重要。本文系统地阐述了煤层气的概念、类型、特性及其赋存状态，以及目前对煤层气藏的各种认识及其成因。通过对各种地质因素的探讨，重点分析了地质构造和水文地质条件对煤层气赋存的影响，主要是褶皱和断裂这两种构造以及地下水对煤层气赋存的影响。最后对地质因素对煤层气赋存和开发利用的关联性做了分析，使得这些主要地质控制因素能够在实际生产中得到保证，这样就大大降低煤层气勘探风险，对煤层气的开采和开发具有重要的指导意义。 关键词：煤层气；赋存状态；水文地质；褶皱；断裂  Geological Influence on Occurrence of Coal Bed Methane Abstract Currently, with the increasing optimization of our country’s economic structure, the natural gas market is developing fast, as an essential part of the energy market. However, because the industrialization of coal bed methane in China is at the primary stage, and three disadvantages such as low permeability, low storage pressure and low saturation commonly exist, many projects are faced with the technical problems of how to stabilize and increase the production per well in spite of a little satisfaction of the depth of coal bed, gas content per ton and thickness of coal bed; thus, it is an urgent and formidable mission for our country to seek the scientific industrialization of coal bed methane and what seems perfectly important is to figure out geological influence on the occurrence of coal bed methane. In the thesis, the concept, category, characteristics of coal bed methane and state of the occurrence are systematically elaborated as well as all kinds of present thoughts and causes of formation of gas accumulation of coal bed; geological factors are explored and emphasis is put upon the analysis of the geological structure and hydro geological factors’ influences on the occurrence of coal bed methane, in particular, ground water and structures like fold and fracture; finally, the connection between geological elements and the occurrence, exploration and use of coal bed is made an analysis of, which guarantees the main geological factors in pra