铅同位素比率分析技术在食品污染源解析中的应用.docx

铅同位素比率分析技术在食品污染源解析中的应用赵多勇魏益民郭波莉魏帅( 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 / 农业部农产品加工与质量控制重点开放实验室，北京 100193 )摘 要:铅是一种有毒有害重金属，可通过膳食、呼吸等途径进入人体，并蓄积达到有害水平。 由于食用农产品产地环境不断受到铅的污染，使得“从农田到餐桌”食品供应链在最初环节存在较大的风险，因 此土壤、大气等环境介质成为食品铅污染的可能来源。为准确找到污染源并及时切断污染途径，降低危 害发生的概率，追溯食品中铅污染物的来源显得尤为重要。 铅同位素比率分析技术是追溯铅来源的一 种有效方法，该方法结合相应模型可推测食品铅污染的来源及各污染源的相对贡献率。 本文阐述了食 品中铅污染物的来源，铅同位素比率分析技术溯源的原理、方法，以及该方法在蔬菜、茶叶、葡萄酒、谷物 等食品铅污染物溯源中的应用现状，旨在为食品铅污染溯源和控制提供理论和技术参考。关键词:铅;食品;污染源;同位素比率; 解析APPLICATIONS OF LEAD ISOTOPE RATIOS FOR IDENTIFICATIONAND APPORTIONMENT ON POLLUTION SOURCES IN FOODZHAO Duo-yong WEI Yi-minGUO Bo-liWEI Shuai( Key Laboratory of Agriculture Product Processing and Quality Control，Ministry of Agriculture / Institute ofAgro-Food Science and Technology，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Beijing 100193 )Abstract:Lead is one of the toxic heavy metals which can accumulate to an adverse effect level in human bodies throughingestion，inhalation or other pathways． Because of the persistent lead contamination in farmland environment，large risk exists in the primary stage of “from farm to table”chain． Environmental media such as soils，atmospheric aerosols were the possible lead sources of agro-food． To prinpoint the pollution sources exactly，cut off the contamination pathways in time，and reduce the risk of hazard，pollution sources tracing was very important． Lead isotope ratio combined with certain models is an effective method to discriminate correctly the pollution sources and calculate the individual source contributions． In this review，to provide theoretical and technical reference for controlling lead pollution in environment and food，lead pollution sources in food，tracing principle and methods of lead isotope ratios，and its applications on vegetable，tea，wine，cereal and other food products were concerned．Key words:Lead; food; pollution source; isotope ratios; identification and apportionment度远高于其背景值［2 ～ 5］，造成人类生存 环 境 和 农 业 生态环境急剧恶化。膳食途径和呼吸途径是人类主要的 铅暴露途径。食品在生产、加工和贮藏过程中很容易 受到环境中铅的污染，引起安全