大气污染及其防治课件.pptx

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大气污染及其防治

第一節大氣污染及其分類1.大氣圈及大氣組成

*2.大氣污染的定義AirPollutionmaybedefinedasanyatmosphericconditioninwhichsubstancesarepresentatconcentrationshighenoughabovetheirnormalambientlevelstoproduceameasurableeffectonman,animals,vegetation,ormaterials.AirPollutionisthepresenceofundesirablematerialsinair,inquantitieslargeenoughtoproduceharmfuleffects.Theundesirablematerialsmaydamagehumanhealth,vegetation,humanproperty,ortheglobalenvironmentaswellascreateaestheticinsultsintheformofbrownorhazyairorunpleasantsmells.如果大氣中的物質達到一定濃度，並持續足夠的時間，以致對公眾健康、動物、植物、材料、大氣特性或環境美學產生可測量的不利影響，這就是大氣污染。

*3、大氣污染的研究內容SourcesofairpollutantsControlmethodsAtmosphericbehaviorofairpollutantsEffectsofairpollutantsLegislativeandregulatorymeasures

*4.排放源:TransportationElectricpowergenerationIndustrialprocessesIndustrialanddomesticfuelburningRefuseburningEtc.

*SourcesofairbornepollutioninAsiaaremany:powergeneration,industry,traffic,homecooking,andbiomassburning

*AirPollutantEmissions=

Population×

(Economicactivitypercapita)×

(Pollutantemissionsperunitofeconomicactivity)

*5.一次大氣污染物:PollutantsreleaseddirectlyintotheatmosphereintheirunmodifiedformsandinsufficientquantitiestoposeahealthriskSourcesofPrimaryAirPollutantsPollutantSourcesCarbonmonoxideIncompleteburningoffossilfuels,TobaccosmokeHydrocarbonsIncompleteburningoffossilfuels,TobaccoburningParticulatesChemicals,Burningfossilfuels,Farmingoperations,Industrialwastes,BuildingdemolitionSulfurdioxideBurningfossilfuels,SmeltingoreNitrogencompoundsBurningfossilfuels

*6.光化學煙霧:Secondaryairpollutantsarecompoundsthatresultsfromtheinteractionofvariousprimaryairpollutants.Photochemicalsmogisamixtureofpollutantsresultingfromtheinteractionofnitrogenoxidesandhydrocarbonswithultravioletlight.Thetwomostdestructivecomponentsofphotochemicalsmogare