我国信用评级体系存在的问题及对策研究详细分解.doc
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我国信用评级体系存在的问题及对策研究
摘 要:市场经济是信用经济,没有信用就没有现代经济。发达国家早已建立了比较完善的信用制度,信用评级、诚信数据库、完善的法律制度使得信用成为了市场经济的生命。而我国现在正处于一个经济转型的关键时刻,各种失信现象严重;信用评级业经过近二十年的发展,有了一定的规模,但是也暴露出不少问题。这篇文章通过分析现状发现,我国信用评级业虽然经过多年发展,但仍处于起步阶段;同时我国经济正处在发展关键时期,国外评级机构企图通过渗入我国评级机构来威胁我国国家安全等不少问题。针对这些问题提出从培养我国信用意识、发展本国评级机构、完善金融市场和国家法律体系方面提出了具体的政策建议,旨在促进我国信用评级业的健康快速发展。
关键词:信用评级体系;金融安全;对策建议
Abstracts:Market economy is credit economy, no credit a modern economy would be impossible. Developed countries have already established a better credit system, credit rating, honesty database, perfect legal system makes credit becomes the market economic life. And our country is now at a critical moment of economic transformation is serious, various discreditable promise is serious; Credit ratings also after nearly 20 years of development, also have certain scale, but also exposed some problems. This article, by analyzing the current situation, showed that although the credit rating industry in China after years of development, it is still in its infancy; Meanwhile, Chinas economy is in a critical period of development, foreign rating agencies, rating agencies attempting to infiltrate our country to endanger our national security and some other issues. In response to these issues from the culture of credit awareness, developing national rating agencies, improve the national legal system, financial markets and put forward specific policy proposals, in order to promote the development of credit rating industry in China.
Keywords:credit ranting system;financial security; suggestions
1信用评级体系简介
1.1信用评级体系的含义
信用评级又称资信评级或信誉评级,其基本方法是运用概率理论,准确判断出一种金融资产或者某个经济主体的违约概率,并以专门的符号来标明其可靠程度。国际对信用评级的等级普遍采用“四等十级制 ”。其内涵就是向投资者提供有关筹资者借贷行为风险程度大小的信息,以保障该借贷行为的可靠性和安全性。
1.2信用评级的评级方法
1.2.1评级的基本原则及评级过程
信用评级设置应该遵守的原则主要是全面性、科学性、公正性、合法性、层次性、可操作性。
评级过程可用下图表示
各评级机构对各种评级对象的评级工作流程类似,一般包括以下几个步骤,如下图:
1.2.2方法分类
从本质上归纳,信用评级方法可以分为因素分析法和模型分析法两种。
实际运用中,信用评级制度经过百年的发展,形成了不同特点,不同风格的信用评级办法。按照不同的分类方法,可以分为主观评级法和客观分析法、定性分析法和定量分析法。目前,国际上权威评级机构在评级过程中,定性分析和定量分析都采用,但以定量分析为主,定量分析为定性分析服
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