survivors of war in northern kosovo (iii) the role of anger and hatred in pain and ptsd and their interactive effects on career outcome, quality of sleep and suicide ideation战争的幸存者在科索沃北部(iii)愤怒和仇恨的痛苦和创伤后应激障碍的角色和他们的互动对职业生涯的影响结果,睡眠质量和自杀意念.pdf

Wang et al. Conflict and Health 2012, 6:4 /content/6/1/4 RESEARCH Open Access Survivors of war in northern Kosovo (III): The role of anger and hatred in pain and PTSD and their interactive effects on career outcome, quality of sleep and suicide ideation 1* 2 2 2 3 4 Shr-Jie Wang , Feride Rushiti , Xhevdet Sejdiu , Sebahate Pacolli , Besart Gashi , Florentina Salihu and Jens Modvig1 Abstract Background: The management of chronic debilitating health conditions after trauma remains a challenge in post-conflict settings. The study aimed to expand current understanding of the diagnostic overlap of pain and PTSD and explore their independent and interactive effect on career change, sleep disorder and suicide ideation. The role of anger and hatred as contributing factors to the persistence of pain and PTSD were also examined. Methods: 125 victims of torture and massive violence identified in a household survey took part in the in-depth assessment. Socio-demographic data and information on trauma, emotional disturbance, injuries and medication history were collected. PTSD was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. Pain was assessed using the McGill Pain Questionnaire and the Margolis Pain Diagram. Results: Nearly 95% participants experienced pain during the last 2 weeks, 47% were diagnosed with PTSD, 50% were taking medication against depression and anxiety. There is substantial overlap of pain, PTSD and emotional disturbance. Injury history, PTSD and negative emotions were related to the pain score and the number of pain locations. Anger, hatred or an inferiority complex particularly amplified pain experience. Headache was constant and especially prevalent in those with recent experience of anger, agg