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农业增长与环境污染环境库兹涅茨曲线的扩展.doc

发布:2016-10-12约2.1万字共10页下载文档
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中国农业增长与化学品投入的库兹涅茨假说及验证( 杜江1 王雅鹏2 (1.武汉工业学院经济与管理学院,湖北武汉,430023; 2.华中农业大学经济管理学院,湖北武汉,430070) 摘 要:本文基于1997~2005年中国31个省(市、自治区)的面板数据,实证分析农业增长与农用化学品(农药、化肥)投入之间的关系,主要结论如下:(1)人均农业总产值与农药投入之间存在倒U形曲线关系,与化肥投入之间存在倒N形曲线关系;(2)控制变量的加入不改变两个曲线的形状,但对转折点出现的时间产生较大影响;(3)城市化水平提高使化肥与农药的投入减少,农业份额下降使化肥与农药的投入增加;农业财政支持比重增加和工业份额上升使化肥投入增加;贸易开放度提高使化肥投入减少;收入差距扩大使农药投入增加。实证分析带给我们几点启示。 关键词:农业增长 化学品投入 环境库兹涅茨曲线假说 Hypothesis and Verification of the Kuznets Curve Relationship between Agricultural Growth and Chemical Inputs in China Abstract: Using regional panel data from 31 provinces between year 1997 and 2005 in China, this paper empirically studies the relationship between agricultural growth and chemical inputs (pesticide and fertilizer), the main results are as follows. (1) The inverted-U-shaped curve exists between per capita agricultural gross output (AGO) and pesticide input, and the inverted-N-shaped curve characterizes the relationship between per capita AGO and fertilizer input. (2) Introduction of controlled variables does not change shape of two curves, but has great impact on their turning points. (3) Urbanization leads to reduction of both pesticide and fertilizer use, decrease of agricultural share has the opposite effect. Increase of financial support to agriculture and industrial share give rise to more use of fertilizer, while foreign trade leads to its reduction. Larger income disparity contributes to more use of pesticide. There are also some policy implications that we can learn from the empirical analysis. Key words: Agricultural growth; Chemical input; EKC hypothesis 一、引言 改革开放以来中国经济经历了高速的增长,农业也得到了发展,1978~2006年,农业总产值由亿元增长到亿元(),增长%,其中年增长在%以上的有1年,负增长的有年。研究表明,农业增长与劳动力、土地、化肥、农业机械等生产性投入有关,也与国家财政支持、农村经济制度、农业技术进步等因素密切相关,其中,化学品投入对农业经济增长具有重要贡献(Lin, 1992;黄少安等,2005;乔榛等,2006;刘玉铭和刘伟,2007)。农业生产的特殊性使得其对农药、化肥等有较大的依赖,这些化学品的合理使用不仅可以有效地预防各种病虫害,提高农产品的产量与品质,还可以保持土壤养分与土地肥力。但化学品的不合理使用甚至滥用会引起土壤、水体(河流、湖泊、海湾)和大气质量的衰退,对环境的污染不容忽视。中国每年在粮食和蔬菜作物上施用的氮肥有大约17.4万吨流失,其中接近一半的氮肥从农田流入长江、黄河和珠江,已对当地和全球范围的环境生态系统功能产
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