基于单片机的数控车床XY工作台与控制系统的设计.doc

湘潭大学兴湘学院 - PAGE 26 - 基于单片机的数控车床XY工作台与控制系统设计 摘 要 了解数控机床的概念，所谓数字控制是按照含有机床(刀具)运动信息程序所指定的顺序自动执行操作的过程。而计算机数控机床就是数控机床在计算机监控下进行工作。它的优点很多,可以在同一机床上一次装 夹可完成多个操作，生产率显著提高等优点，但它的价格昂贵。由于我国现在使用的机床大多数为普通车床，自动化程度低,要更新现有机床需要很多资金。为了解决这个问题,也为了适应多品种中、小批量零件加工我们选择机床经济型数控改造。纵向进给机构的改造：拆去原机床的溜板箱、光 杠与丝杠以及安装座,配上滚珠丝杠及相应的安装装置，纵向驱动的步进电机及减速箱安装在车床的床尾,不占据丝杠空间。横向进给机构的改造：拆除横向丝杠换上滚珠丝杠,由步进电机带动。 关键词：运动信息，滚珠丝杠，步进电机 Single Chip Microcomputer-based XY table CNC lathe and Control System Design ABSTRACT Numerical Control (NC) is any machining process in which the operations are executed automatically in sequences as specified by the program that contains the information for the tool movement .When Numerical Control is performed under computer supervision, it is called Computer Numerical Control (CNC).CNC machines have many advantages over conventional machines. For example, there is a possibility lf performing operations on the same machine in one setup and production is significantly increased. One of its disadvantages is that they are quite expensive. In our country conventional machine is used widely. So if the machines are replaced, there is going to need a large money. In order to agree with the development of our economy, we can reform the conventional machines. The reformation of the tool movement: we demolish the current smooth leading, leading screw and installing stand. Then replace the ball leaking to the relevant position. The reformation of the horizontal mechanism: we make the horizontal ball lead screw instead of the conventional screw. And Stepper motor drives the screw. Key words: tool movement，conventional machines，Stepper motor 第一章 绪论 1.1数控机床的生产与发展 装备工业的技术水平和现代化程度决定着整个国民经济的水平和现代化程度，数控技术及装备是发展新兴高新技术产业和尖端工业的使能技术和最基本的装备，又是当今先进制造技术和装备最核心的技术。数控技术是用数字信息对机械运动和工作过程进行控制的技术，而数控装备是以数控技术为代表的新技术对传统制造产业和新兴制造业的渗透形成的机电一体化产品，其技术范围覆盖很多领域。 科学技术和社会生产的不断发展，对机械产品的质量和生产率提出了越来越高的要求。机械加工工艺过程的自动化是实现上述要求的最重要措施之一。他不仅能够提高产品的质量和生产效率、降低生产成本，还能够大大改善工人的劳动条件。许多生产企业已经采用了自动机床、