CRRTRIC培训适应症及剂量-培训课件.ppt
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* Semi-permeable membranes separate the different fluid compartments in the body. There is an ever-going exchange of water and small sized solutes between these compartments, movements that follow the natural transport principles of diffusion and osmosis in order to attain equilibrium The Body Fluids are classified as: ICF = Intracellular fluid (within the cells) The cytoplasm in all cells of the body, accounts for 2/3 of the total body fluid. ECF = Extracellular fluid (outside the cells). Accounts for 1/3 of the total body fluid is in turn made up of the interstitial fluid (80%), which occupies the microscopic spaces between the cells (“tissue fluid”) and the intravascular fluid (20%), which is the blood plasma (the liquid portion of the blood), the major transport medium of the body. The ECF also includes fluids in the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and in joints, as well as the lymph fluid and the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord, just to name a few. ICF contains a large concentration of potassium (K+), which differs greatly from the composition of ECF which contains a large concentration of sodium ions (Na+). This will be discussed later in this section. * 为什么我们要讨论治疗的时机?至少三项不同的研究已经显示了早期开始治疗的益处。在这张幻灯片上,可以发现:Ronco的研究表明,在CVVH开始时,BUN明显更低的患者具有更高的生存率;而在CVVH开始时,BUN较高的患者,其生存率较低。BUN随时间而增加;因此,更低的BUN意味着治疗是在疾病发展的更早阶段开始的。这证明了治疗开始的时机对结果具有重要的影响。 在该图中,您可以看到:根据GFR的减少来确定肾损伤程度是不太容易的:您可以看到,在X轴上,肾功能以滤过率(ml/min)表示。正常人的GFR约为125 ml/min。Y轴为血清肌酐含量。 如果肾功能下降,导致GFR降低,您可以看到,只有GFR减小80%(从125 ml/min减小到25 ml/min)时,您才能看到血清肌酐含量的增加。因此,肾功能可能已经损伤了60%,但血清肌酐含量却没有增加。在这种情况下,肾损伤仍然是隐藏存在的。 * 这里展示了Ronco博士研究的结果。第1组接受常规治疗的患者的效果差。第2和第3组证明了更高的剂量可以改善患者的生存率。第2组和第3组的生存率差异很少,因此, 35ml/kg/hr已经成为剂量目标的新标准了。 CRRT指征 肾脏替代治疗指征 威胁生命指征:高钾血症、酸中毒、肺水肿 尿毒症并发症 控制溶质水平 清除液体 调节电解质和酸碱平衡 器官支持治疗指征 营养补充 充血性心力衰竭清除液体 心肺旁路时清除液体与炎症介质 败血症时调节细胞因子的平衡 肿瘤溶解综合征时清除磷与尿酸 ARDS时纠正呼吸性酸中毒:清除水分与炎症介质 MODS时的液体平衡 挤压综合征时清除内源性毒性物质 ARF开始CRRT治疗的指征 非梗阻性少尿(尿量200 ml/12 h)或无尿; 严重酸血症(pH7.1); 氮质血症(尿素氮30 mmol/L); 高钾血症(K+6.5 mmol/L或血钾迅速升
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