Underground Wireless Communication Using （井下无线通信使用）.pdf

This full text paper was peer reviewed at the direction of IEEE Communications Society subject matter experts for publication in the IEEE ICC 2009 proceedings Underground Wireless Communication using Magnetic Induction Zhi Sun and Ian F. Akyildiz Broadband Wireless Networking Laboratory (BWN Lab) School of Electrical Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA Email: {zsun; ian}@ece.gatech.edu Abstract—Underground is a challenging environment for wire- in antenna design for underground communication using EM less communication since the propagation medium is no longer waves. On the one hand, antenna size is expected to be as air but soil, rock and water. The well established wireless small as possible to ease the deployment of the networks. On communication techniques using electromagnetic (EM) waves do not work well in this environment due to three problems: high the other hand, operating frequencies in MHz or lower ranges path loss, dynamic channel condition and large antenna size. are necessary to achieve practical transmission range [1]. To New techniques using magnetic induction (MI) can solve two efficiently transmit and receive signals at that frequency, the of the three problems (dynamic channel condition and large antenna size is too large to be deployed in the soil. antenna size), but may still cause even higher path loss. In Magnetic induction (MI) is a promising alternative physical this paper, a complete characterization of the underground MI communication channel is provided. Based on the channel mo