水资源管理与污染防治.PPT

A. 飲用水質課題 約有54國訂有水質標準，但有如下課題： 1. Levels have been established called maximum contaminant levels for any pollutants that may adversely affect human health. 2. Privately owned wells don’t have to meet these standards.(私井不受規範) 3. Health scientists want the standards to be strengthened. 4. Certain industries want to weaken the Safe Drinking Water Act. B. 瓶裝水課題 1. Bottled water is vastly more expensive than tap water(自來水) and about one-fourth of it is tap water, one-third of it is contaminated with bacteria, and various harmful organic chemicals contaminate about one-fifth of it. 2. Use of bottled water also can cause environmental problems from all of the throw-away plastic bottles. 3. Manufacture of the bottles releases toxic gases and liquids. 4. Before buying costly home purification systems, have water tested by an independent company. 5. Be sure to check out claims by a company that they are EPA approved because the EPA registers devices, but neither tests nor approves them. C. 全民參與防治飲用水污染 We need to shift priorities from controlling to preventing and reducing water pollution, and this will require bottom-up political action by individuals and groups. 1. Bottom-up political pressure on elected officials has reduced point-source water pollution. 2. A shift needs to be made to how we can prevent water pollution in the first place. See Figure 22-19. 3. Prevention of water pollution will take action from individuals and groups to pressure elected officials. Solutions Water Pollution Prevent groundwater contamination Greatly reduce nonpoint runoff Reuse treated wastewater for irrigation Find substitutes for toxic pollutants Work with nature to treat sewage Practice four Rs of resource use (refuse, reduce, recycle, reuse) Reduce resource waste Reduce air pollution Reduce poverty Reduce birth rates What Can You Do? Water Pollution Fertilize your garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer. Minimize your use of pestic