英文论文引言的写作技巧（上课用）.doc

英文论文引言的写作技巧 1 引言的内容与结构布局 引言的主要任务是向读者勾勒出全文的基本内容和轮廓。它可以包括以下五项内容中的全部或其中几项： 1）介绍某研究领域的背景、意义、发展状况、目前的水平等； 2）对相关领域的文献进行回顾和综述，包括前人的研究成果，已经解决的问题，并适当加以评价或比较； 3）指出前人尚未解决的问题，留下的技术空白，也可以提出新问题、解决这些新问题的新方法、新思路，从而引出自己研究课题的动机与意义； 4）说明自己研究课题的目的； 5）概括论文的主要内容，或勾勒其大体轮廓。 我们可以将引言的内容分为三到四个层次来安排(如图所示)。 第一层：1) Introducing the general research area including its background, importance, and present level of development…………… 2) Reviewing previous research in this area………………… 第二层： Indicating the problem that has not been solved by previous research, raising a relevant question …………………… 第三层：Specifying the purpose of your research……………… 第四层：1) Announcing your major findings …… 2) Outlining the contents of your paper …… 比较简短的论文，引言也可以相对比较简短。 第一层: Introducing the importance of the research area and reviewing previous Research………………… 第二层: Indicating the problem that has not been solved by previous research, raising a relevant question …………… 第三层: Specifying the purpose of your research……………………… 2 如何写引言的开头 引言开头(即第一层)最主要目的是告诉读者论文所涉及的研究领域及其意义是什么，研究要解决什么问题，目前状况或水平如何。也就是说，开头要回答如下问题： What is the subject of the research? What is the importance of this subject? How is the research going at present? In what way is it important, interesting, and worth studying? What problem does the research solve? 例Purple loosestrife (紫千曲菜) is a wetland plant which invaded North America in the early 1800s. It is well established in the United States and Canada with serious infestations in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence regions. 例Forecast of the tracks of hurricanes (飓风)have improved steadily over the past three decades, owing to a combination of better observations and much improved numerical models. These improvements, along with advances in warning systems and preparedness for emergencies, have brought about a significant decline in loss of life. 例Environmental indicators(环境指数)attempt to accurately describe environmental conditions and make available scientifically valid information on environmental trends． 例Acoustic probl