关于水分胁迫条件下稻的氮素营养特征的研究进展.doc

关于水分胁迫条件下水稻的氮素营养研究进展姓名：柏彦超 学号：D05033 导师：钱晓晴 摘要：我国水资源严重短缺，在保证产量与质量的前提下，实现水稻节水栽培乃至旱作是节水农业的一大趋势。传统水田土壤速效氮主要以铵态氮形态存在，水稻旱作后，由于土壤含水率的降低和由此引发的各种生态环境变化，导致土壤硝态氮显著增加，进而成为旱作水稻最重要的氮源，然而水稻属典型喜铵类植物，因此对不同水分条件下水稻的氮素营养研究具有极高的理论价值。前人的研究结果结合本人近年来在此方面的研究表明：“水稻喜铵”是有条件的，水分胁迫可以使之演变成“水稻铵毒”，NH4+对水稻生长的不良影响并非致酸作用的结果，亦不是NH3对水稻生长产生的毒害结果。最主要的原因很可能在于在水分胁迫条件下，高量NH4+引发或加剧了水分胁迫下细胞膜与细胞壁结构、膜酶活性等有关性质的破坏；其次，才是通过由此而诱导的养分吸收受阻、体内酶活性变化、代谢过程改变等最终妨碍植物生长。 关键词：水稻，水分胁迫，铵态氮，毒害 ur country is in great shortage of water resource, water-saving farming even the dry farming is the water-efficient agriculture in guarantee the premise of output and mass. In the traditional paddy field soil, quick-effect nitrogen mainly exists in the form of ammonium nitrogen. When the paddy rice is drought does, because of the soil water ratio lessening and various ecological environment changes, lead to the soil salt peter state nitrogen notably increase, which becomes the most important nitrogen of dry farming paddy rice source. Paddy rice is delighted of ammonium nutrition , therefore it has pole valuable height to the nitrogen theory in the lower moisture content condition. The former research results and mine in recent years indicated that: paddy rice is delighted for an ammonium is conditional , moisture content coerces is able to result in paddy rice ammonium is poisonous , and the harmful effects of NH4 + to paddy rice growth neither cause to pedantic effect result, nor is NH3 bears poisoning results to paddy rice growth. The mainest reason probably being lain in coercing condition in moisture content, amounts of NH4+ have initiated height or have aggravated destroying that moisture content coerces to issue cytomembrane and cell wall structure , film enzymatic activity, etc.; Secondly, is the induced nutrient sorption blocked , the body inner enzymatic activity changes, supersession process changes to prevent plant from growing ultimately. Key words: rice, water stress condition, ammonium, poison 1 研究背景 我国水资源严重短缺。淡水资源中，近8