常见英语同义词辨析.doc
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词语辨析
1. a bit, a little
a bit 一点儿,与a little同义,而a little可作adj.,直接修饰不可数名词,但a bit不能作adj.,后须加of+不可数名词。特别提醒;not a bit与not a little意思正好相反。not a bit 一点也不;not a little 非常,很。
考题:选择:(2005年高考全国卷)
-Would you like some more tea? -____,please.
A. No more B. Just a little C. Ive had enough D. Yes, I would
2. accept, receive
都可表示“接受,收到”的意思。accept:意为主观“接受”,指通过考虑,自己同意或愿意接受。还可以表示“吸收入党、团等”。receive:意为客观“接到”、“收到”,指收到东西这个事实,不含有本人是否愿意“接受”这层意思。特别提醒:receive 也可作“接见、接待”讲。
考题:选择:(2005年高考全国卷)
Before building a house, you will have to ____the government s permission.
A. get from B. follow C. receive D. ask for
3. act, action
这两个词都有“活动”的意思,但act指具体的行为,短暂而简单的行动,着重效果;action指抽象的行为,持续而复杂的行为,着重行为的过程及作用;action作可数名词时,意义与act一样;a kind of act( action),一个仁慈的举动。但在某些固定结构中,两者不能换用.eg: take an action.
考题:用act和action填空
(1)Lets see how they take _____next.
(2) We caught him in the very _____of stealing.
(3)______ speaks louder than words.
(4) It was your _____and you must accept.
4. actual, real, true
这一组词都表示“真正的”,但有细微的区别。actual“真实的,实际的”,指事实上存在,并非虚构的事物;real“真正的”,指名符其实的,表里一致或客观上确实存在的人或物,其反义词是unreal; true“真实的,真正的”,指和实际情况完全一致,可与real互换,其反义词是false或untrue, true可作表语和定语。特别提醒:actual无比较级。
考题:用actual, real或true填空
(1)What you have said is not ____.(2) Is your ring____ gold?
(3) The ____amount was only$10.(4) This picture is _____to life.
(5)Is it _____that you are going to Rome?(6) Can you give me the ____figures?
5. address, speech, lecture, talk
address,演讲,指经过准备的正式演说。一般在正式、重要场合发表。speech演说,发言,普通用词,可以是正式的,也可以是非正式的,可以是有准备的,也可以是无准备的。lecture演讲,讲课,指教师在讲台上做的专题讲座。talk讲话,报告,谈话,指非正式的谈话、报告。
考题:用address, speech, lecture或talk填空
(1) The president gave an important _____to the nation.
(2) The professor offered a____ on atom.(3) He made a moving _____to his workers.
(4) Lets have a free _____.
6. affair, thing, matter, business, event
affair意为“事情”、“事件”,含义较广,泛指已做或待做的事。复数affairs一般指商业事务及政府的日常事务,如财政管理、外交事务等;thing意为“事情”、“事物”,不管大事小事、好事坏事均可称thing,一般不能专指事物;thing的复数形式things可作“形势”解;matter意为“事件”、“事故”,系普通用语,常指需要考虑和处理的事情,而不强调行动,mat
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