SQL语法入门.doc
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Select
用途: 从指定表中取出指定的列的数据
语法: SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name
解释:从数据库中选取资料列,并允许从一或多个资料表中,选取一或多个资料列或资料行。SELECT 陈述式的完整语法相当复杂,但主要子句可摘要为:
SELECT select_list
[ INTO new_table ]
FROM table_source
[ WHERE search_condition ]
[ GROUP BY group_by_expression ]
[ HAVING search_condition ]
[ ORDER BY order_expression [ ASC | DESC ] ]
例: “Persons” 表中的数据有
LastName FirstName Address City Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavanger
选出字段名” LastName”、” FirstName” 的数据
SELECT LastName,FirstName FROM Persons
返回结果:
LastName FirstName Hansen Ola Svendson Tove Pettersen Kari
选出所有字段的数据
SELECT * FROM Persons
返回结果:
LastName FirstName Address City Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavanger
Where
用途:被用来规定一种选择查询的标准
语法: SELECT column FROM table WHERE column condition value
下面的操作符能被使用在WHERE中:
=,,,,=,=,BETWEEN,LIKE
注意: 在某些SQL的版本中不等号 能被写作为!=
解释: SELECT语句返回WHERE子句中条件为true的数据
例:从” Persons”表中选出生活在” Sandnes” 的人
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE City=Sandnes
Persons 表中的数据有:
LastName FirstName Address City Year Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes 1951 Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes 1978 Svendson Stale Kaivn 18 Sandnes 1980 Pettersen Kari Storgt 20 Stavanger 1960
返回结果:
LastName FirstName Address City Year Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes 1951 Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes 1978 Svendson Stale Kaivn 18 Sandnes 1980
And Or
用途:在WHERE子句中AND和OR被用来连接两个或者更多的条件
解释:AND在结合两个布尔表达式时,只有在两个表达式都为 TRUE 时才传回 TRUE
OR在结合两个布尔表达式时,只要其中一个条件为 TRUE 时,OR便传回 TRUE
例: Persons 表中的原始数据:
LastName FirstName Address City Hansen Ola Timoteivn 10 Sandnes Svendson Tove Borgvn 23 Sandnes Svendson Stephen Kaivn 18 Sandnes
用AND运算子来查找Persons 表中FirstName为”Tove”而且LastName为” Svendson”的数据
SELECT * FROM Persons
WHERE FirstName=Tove
AND LastName=Svendson
返回结果:
LastName FirstName Address City Svendson Tove
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